DNA Basics Flashcards
What is the difference between EUCHROMATIN and HETEROCHROMATIN in the nucleus?
Heterochromatin - around the outside, tightly packed but little genetic info.
Euchromatin - in the middle, less densely packed but contains DNA. Euch - human - where humans are
How many chromosomes in the human genome and what type?
22 autosomes
2 sex chromosomes (X and Y)
What’s the difference between a Nucleotide and a Nucleoside?
Nucleoside - sugar + base
Nucleotide - sugar + base + phosphate group. Makes up the base of DNA / RNA
Nucleoside ‘S’‘smaller’ than Nucleotide
What are the two types and bases and what are those bases?
PURINE - adenine, guanine (DNA / RNA)
PYRIMIDIME - cytosine (DNA / RNA), thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA)
From base pairs to full chromosomes, describe the different sizes of DNA from smallest to biggest.
Base pairs Genes DNA Histones Nucleosomes Solenoid Chromatid Chromosome
What is the molecular difference between DNA and RNA?
RNA - ribonucleotide
DNA - deoxyribonucleotide -deoxy (without oxygen) - has no oxygen on the end of its sugar group
Which carbon is the first phosphate group attached to?
5’
Which phosphate is the sugar group attached to?
3’
Name all the enzymes involved in DNA replication and their function.
Helicase - unzipped
Primase - starter - adds first nucleotide at origin
DNA Polymerase - creater (polymerase II - leading strand, polymerase I - lagging strand).
Ligament - glue
What does the lagging strand create?
Okazaki fragments
What are the three basic stages of DNA replication?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What the complementary DNA strand to GAACGTAC?
CTTGCATG
