DNA Based Tissue Typing

Question 1

MHC

Answer 1

Major Histocompatibility Complex. A group of genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6.

Question 2

HLA

Answer 2

Human Leukocyte Antigens. MHC gene products.

Question 3

Allografts

Answer 3

A transplanted organ from a genetically different donor.

Question 4

Tissue Typing

Answer 4

HLA identification, performed initially by serological methods using antibodies to the different HLAs found in the human population.

Question 5

MLC

Answer 5

Mixed Lymphocyte Culture. Measurement of growth of lymphocytes activated by serum antibodies as an indication of donor/recipient incompatibility; co-culturing of lymphocytes from unrelated individuals to determine HLA type.

Question 6

xMHC

Answer 6

extended MHC locus. 8-Mb region of chromosome 6p including areas flanking the main MHC locus.

Question 7

HLA Type

Answer 7

A collection of alleles in the major histocompatibility locus coding for different human leukocyte antigens and detected by phenotypic or genotypic typing methods.

Question 8

Haplotype

Answer 8

A genetically linked set of alleles that are inherited together.

Question 9

Split Specificities

Answer 9

Antigenic types derived from a parent antigen.

Question 10

Synonymous Changes

Answer 10

Silent mutations.

Question 11

Null Allele

Answer 11

A genetic type or variant with no phenotypic effect.

Question 12

Ambiguity

Answer 12

The recognition of two or more antigens by the same antibody.

Question 13

Crossmatching

Answer 13

More specific screening of recipient sera for antibodies against antigens displayed by potential organ donors.

Question 14

Crossmatching

Answer 14

Analysis of the reaction between recipient serum antibodies and donor lymphocytes.

Question 15

CDC

Answer 15

Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity. Killing of cells based on HLA type using reference antigens.

Question 16

CREGs

Answer 16

Cross-reactive Epitope Groups. Human leukocyte antigens recognized by antibodies that also recognize other HLAs.

Question 17

Private Antibodies

Answer 17

HLA type-specific antibodies.

Question 18

AHA

Answer 18

Alloantibodies. Anti-human Antibodies. Antibodies that recognize human antigens.

Question 19

Hormonal Sensitization

Answer 19

Development of anti-human antibodies, often due to organ transplant, blood transfusion, or pregnancy.

Question 20

PRAs

Answer 20

Panel Reactive Antibodies. A set of reference antibodies used to define the HLA of reference lymphocytes.

Question 21

SSOP

Answer 21

Sequence-specific Oligonucleotide Probe. Detection of DNA polymorphism using amplified test DNA immobilized on a filter exposed to labeled probes that will hybridize to specific sequences.

Question 22

SBT

Answer 22

Sequence-based Typing. Determination of HLA DNA polymorphisms by direct sequencing.

Question 23

mHags

Answer 23

Minor Histocompatibility Antigens. Proteins outside the main MHC locus that affect organ engraftment.

Question 24

KIR Proteins

Answer 24

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like proteins. These proteins are expressed by NK cells and some memory T cells and interact with HLA receptors.

Question 25

Hybrid Resistance

Answer 25

The effect of KIR proteins. Rejection of transplanted organs by immunocompromised mice.

Question 26

Leukocyte Receptor Cluster

Answer 26

A group of genes on the long arm of chromosome 19 coding for the killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors.