DNA And The Production Of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nucleus of a cell carry?

A

Genetic information in structures called chromosomes.

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2
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which consists of extremely long, extremely thin double strands

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3
Q

A gene is a section of…

A

DNA which codes for making a protein to give you a characteristic. E.g eye colour.

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4
Q

What is the structure of DNA.

A

Double stranded spiral held together by complementary base pairs.

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5
Q

What are the four bases?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

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6
Q

What is adenine always paired with?

A

Thymine

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7
Q

What is cytosine always paired with?

A

Guanine

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8
Q

How are Amino Acids joined?

A

Amino Acids are joined together by peptide bonds to form proteins.

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9
Q

What is a strand of DNA called?

A

Nucleotides

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10
Q

What are the three parts of nucleotides?

A

Deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a base molecule.

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11
Q

How is the sugar of one nucleotide and phosphate of another nucleotide held together?

A

They are held together by strong bonds and form the backbone of the DNA molecule.

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12
Q

What is the specific protein our body cells have to make?

A

Melanin

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13
Q

What is the name for the building blocks proteins are made up of.

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

The sequence of amino acids determines the…

A

Structure and function of the protein.

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15
Q

How many bases is the code for one amino acid?

A

Three

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16
Q

How is the information to make a protein carried?

A

From the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

17
Q

What is the name of the carrier molecule?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

18
Q

What forms between amino acids.

A

Peptide bonds

19
Q

A gene has the information to make a…

A

Protein

20
Q

Double stranded molecules are found in…

A

DNA

21
Q

Single stranded molecules are found in…

A

mRNA

22
Q

What is found in the nucleus

A

DNA

mRNA

23
Q

What is found in the cytoplasm…

A

mRNA

24
Q

Name the cell organelle on which mRNA synthesises proteins.

A

Ribosomes

25
Q

Name the molecules which join together to make a protein.

A

Amino Acids