DNA And The Production Of Proteins Flashcards
What does the nucleus of a cell carry?
Genetic information in structures called chromosomes.
What do chromosomes contain?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which consists of extremely long, extremely thin double strands
A gene is a section of…
DNA which codes for making a protein to give you a characteristic. E.g eye colour.
What is the structure of DNA.
Double stranded spiral held together by complementary base pairs.
What are the four bases?
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
What is adenine always paired with?
Thymine
What is cytosine always paired with?
Guanine
How are Amino Acids joined?
Amino Acids are joined together by peptide bonds to form proteins.
What is a strand of DNA called?
Nucleotides
What are the three parts of nucleotides?
Deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a base molecule.
How is the sugar of one nucleotide and phosphate of another nucleotide held together?
They are held together by strong bonds and form the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is the specific protein our body cells have to make?
Melanin
What is the name for the building blocks proteins are made up of.
Amino acids
The sequence of amino acids determines the…
Structure and function of the protein.
How many bases is the code for one amino acid?
Three
How is the information to make a protein carried?
From the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
What is the name of the carrier molecule?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What forms between amino acids.
Peptide bonds
A gene has the information to make a…
Protein
Double stranded molecules are found in…
DNA
Single stranded molecules are found in…
mRNA
What is found in the nucleus
DNA
mRNA
What is found in the cytoplasm…
mRNA
Name the cell organelle on which mRNA synthesises proteins.
Ribosomes
