dna and rna synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of genetics in periodontal disease?

A

The interleukin-1B gene variation causes overproduction of interleukin-1
In bacterial plaque- high inflamm response leading to destruction of soft tissue and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is DNA fingerprinting?

A
Relies on variable no of tandem repeats (30-40% of non coding region)
Myoglobin gene- segments in introns w no apparent function- vary in size and composition between individuals 
Initially called mini-satellites as surround the exon
Repeating nucleotides (15-200), no of repeats and loci inherited
Large variation in no of regions between people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is VNTR?

A

Variable number of tandem repeats

Found at single/many locus/loci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does PCR work ?

A

Polymerase chain reaction
Measures transcription of gene
Uses DNA

Reverse transcription- use RNA to make cDNA and use PCR to make many copies of specific piece of DNA
Can detect w lots of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How was PCR testing established?

A

1955- first DNA polymerase
1985 Mullis- developed polymerase reaction
Thermostable polymerase, Taq, enzyme from Thermus aquaticus (bacteria living in hot water 72C)

Components needed for PCR?
~template 
~primers
~A,C,G,T
~Mg and Taq
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does PCR work?

A
DNA separated by heating 94C
Add primers to stick
New DNA is made via Taq and by adding magnesium and A,G,C,Ts
Heat to 72C
Usually 35 cycles and 68B copies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are problems w amplifying sequences?

A
Poor precision
Lower sensitivity 
Short dynamic range <2 logs
Low resolution
Non automated 
Size based discrimination only
Not quantitative
Ethidium bromide staining not quantitative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What fluorescence is used to count genes?

A

SYBR green- binds to any double stranded DNA

TAQ polymerase- requires specific probe to bind specific sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the advantages of real-time PCR?

A

Collects data in exponential growth phase
Increase in reporter fluorescence directly proportional to no of amplicons generated
Increased dynamic range of detection
No post PCR processing
Detection down to 2-fold change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is in situ hybridisation?

A

Localisation technique

Detects gene product in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is genomics?

A

DNA/RNA sequencing and bioinformatics

Used to sequence, assemble and analyse the function and structure of genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Oxford nanopore?

A

1-2 days to sequence DNA/RNA

Reads 400 based per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are transcriptomics?

A

Genome wide RNA transcript expression levels

Next generation sequencing m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are proteomics?

A

Large scale study of proteins, esp structures and functions inc post translational mods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are metabolomics?

A

Characterisation of small molecule metabolites on bio systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are salivomics?

A

Monitors health and wellness
Detects oral and systemic illnesses early through non invasive means
New blood test

17
Q

What is single nucleotide polymorphism?

A

Variation where single nucleotide in genome is altered
Accounts for 90% variation
Might have no effect
Might predispose to disease/influence response to drugs etc

18
Q

What companies study the genome?

A

Human genome project

International HapMap project