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Biology Topic 1 Biological Molecules AQA A level > DNA and RNA 1B > Flashcards

DNA and RNA 1B Flashcards

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1
Q

What are DNA and RNA both types of

A

Nucleic acid

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2
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

DeoxyriboseNucleicAcid

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3
Q

What is the function of DNA

A

To store genetic information

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4
Q

What does RNA stand for

A

RiboNucleicAcid

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5
Q

What is the function of RNA

A

To transfer genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes Ribosomes themselves are made from RNA and proteins

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6
Q

What are DNA and RNA polymers of

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

What is a nucleotide made from

A

A pentose sugar
A nitrogen-containing organic base
A phosphate group

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8
Q

What is the sugar in DNA called

A

Deoxyribose

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9
Q

Which part of the DNA nucleotide varies

A

Each DNA nucleotide has the same sugar (Deoxyribose) and a phosphate group but the base on each nucleotide can vary

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10
Q

What are the four possible bases for a DNA nucleotide

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G).

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11
Q

What is the sugar in RNA called

A

Ribose

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12
Q

Which part of the RNA molecule varies

A

Each RNA nucleotide has the same sugar (ribose) and a phosphate group but the base on each nucleotide can vary

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13
Q

What are the four possible bases for a RNA nucleotide

A

Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G).

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14
Q

What is formed when nucleotides join together

A

polynucleotides (Both DNA and RNA join to make polynucleotides via condensation reactions between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another. This forms a phosphodiester bond consisting of the phosphate group and two ester bonds)

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15
Q

What is the chain of sugars and phosphates called in a polynucleotide

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

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16
Q

What is the structure of a DNA molecule

A

Two polynucleotide chains in a double- helix structure

17
Q

What type of bond forms between two DNA polynucleotide strands

A

hydrogen bonds

18
Q

What is it called when each base can only pair with one particular partner

A

complementary base pairing

19
Q

What are the complementary base pairs

A

Adenine pairs with thymine (A and T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C and G). This is because two hydrogen bonds form between A and T, but three hydrogen bonds form between C and G

20
Q

How is the DNA double helix formed

A

Two antiparallel polynucleotide chains twist to form the DNA double helix

21
Q

What chain is RNA made from

A

single polynucleotide chain much shorter than most DNA polynucleotide chains

Biology Topic 1 Biological Molecules AQA A level (9 decks)

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