ATP 1B

Question 1

ATP molecule structure

Answer 1

Nucleotide base adenine combined with a ribose and three phosphate groups

Question 2

What is an ATP molecule known as and why

Answer 2

A nucleotide derivative as it is a modified form of a nucleotide

Question 3

Where is the energy in an ATP molecule stored

Answer 3

High energy bonds between phosphate groups

Question 4

How is energy in an ATP molecule released

Answer 4

When energy is needed by a cell, ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate) - hydrolysis reaction, phosphate bond is broken and energy is released - catalysed by ATP hydrolase
ATP hydrolase can be “coupled” to other energy requiring reactions so this means that the energy released can be used directly to make the coupled reaction happen rather than being lost as heat energy. The released inorganic phosphate can also be used - be added to another compound (phosphorylation) which makes the compound more reactive. ATP can be re-synthesised in a condensation reaction between ADP and Pi. This happens during both respiration and photosynthesis and is catalysed by ATP synthase

Question 5

Enzyme used to resynthesise ATP

Answer 5

ATP synthase

Question 6

What is phosphorylation

Answer 6

Adding an inorganic phosphate molecule to another compound to make it more reactive