DNA and protein synthesis

Question 1

What is DNA and what is it made up of?

Answer 1

A double helix with each of the 2 DNA strands made up of nucleotides containing bases

Question 2

What does each nucleotide contain?

Answer 2

A part called a base

Question 3

How many bases does DNA have?

Answer 3

Just 4

Question 4

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

Answer 4

Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

Question 5

What does each base form and keeps what?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonds to a base on the other strand, keeping the 2 DNA strands tightly wound together

Question 6

What does adenine always join up with?

Answer 6

Thymine

Question 7

What does cytosine always join up with?

Answer 7

Guanine

Question 8

What are the pairs of bases called?

Answer 8

Complementary bases

Question 9

Why do complementary bases join together and what is this called?

Answer 9

They complement each other in shape, called complementary base pairing

Question 10

How are proteins made?

Answer 10

By reading the code in DNA

Question 11

What does DNA control?

Answer 11

The production of proteins (protein synthesis) in a cell

Question 12

What is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein called?

Answer 12

Gene

Question 13

What does ‘codes for’ mean?

Answer 13

Contains the instructions for

Question 14

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 14

Chains of amino acids

Question 15

What does each different protein have and what does it do?

Answer 15

It’s own particular number and order of amino acids, so gives each protein a different shape

Question 16

Why do pretend have different shapes?

Answer 16

So they can have a different function

Question 17

What decides the order of amino acids in a protein?

Answer 17

The order of bases

Question 18

In each gene, what allows it to code for a unique protein?

Answer 18

Each gene contains a different sequence of bases