Cell division - Mitosis Flashcards
What is mitosis needed for?
Growth and reopair
What happens if you have damaged tissue by cells?
The cells around the damaged area divide by mitosis to replace damaged cells
What do cells also divide by mitosis for?
To produce new tissue for growth
What does asexual reproduction involve?
Mitosis
What happens to a single organism in asexual reproduction?
It produces an offspring by dividing into 2 organisms or by splitting off a piece of itself
What are all the offspring genetically identical to?
Each other and to the parent
What do the cells divide by?
Mitosis (like most cells)
How do bacteria and many plants reproduce?
Asexually
What 4 stages is mitosis split up into?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
What is the stage before mitosis starts called?
Interphase
INTERPHASE: Before the cell starts to divide what must every DNA molecule (each chromosome) do?
What does the new molecule remain attached to?
Must replicate so that each new cell has a full copy of DNA.
The original one at the centromere
PROPHASE: What can happen to mitosis now?
What happens to each DNA molecule?
How can each chromosome be seen as and by?
It can now begin
It becomes supercoiled and compact
Each chromosome can be seen now with a light microscope and appears as 2 chromatids lying side by side, joined by the centromere (X - shaped)
METAPHASE: What happens to the nuclear membrane?
What do the chromosomes do?
It breaks down
They line up along the equator (middle) of the cell
ANAPHASE: What happens to the centromeres?
What do the chromatids do?
They split
They separate and are dragged to opposite ends of the cell
TELOPHASE: What forms around each set of chromatids (exact copies of the original chromosomes)?
What does the cytoplasm do?
A nuclear membrane
It divides
