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Biology 2 > DNA and Inheritance > Flashcards

DNA and Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

How many bases are there in DNA?

A

4

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2
Q

What does DNA look like?

A

Two long chains made of alternating sugar and phosphate, connected by bases

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3
Q

What the the bases and which do they compliment?

A

Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)

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4
Q

What codes for an amino acid?

A

A triplet code (Three bases)

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5
Q

How does DNA code for a protein?

A

DNA is a code
Down the bases, the order of bases form a triplet code
A triplet code codes for an amino acid
Chains of amino acids form proteins

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6
Q

What is a genotype?

A

Your alleles (represented by letters)

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7
Q

How is a dominant allele represented?

A

A capital letter

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8
Q

How is a recessive allele represented?

A

A lower case letter

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9
Q

What does a dominant allele mean?

A

Always shown in the phenotype

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10
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

How an organism looks

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11
Q

What are Punnet squares used for?

A

To estimate the outcome of genetic crosses

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12
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles of the same gene

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13
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Both alleles are the same of the same gene.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of genetic profiling?

A

To compare similarities between DNA samples.

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15
Q

How is genetic profiling done?

A

A DNA sample is cut into short pieces, which are then separated into strands

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16
Q

What is genetic profiling used in?

A

Criminal cases
Paternity cases
Classification
Genetic disease identification

17
Q

What is the problem with genetic profiling?

A

Some ethical concerns around tech allowing identification of genes associated with diseases

18
Q

What is genetic modification?

A

The transfer of the organism’s genetic material into the DNA of another

19
Q

What are the advantages of GMO (genetic modification)

A

Genes for disease resistance can be transferred into crop plants to increase yield
Herbicide resistant genes could allow use of herbicide to kill unwanted, competing plants

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of genetic modification?

A

Creation of ‘super weeds’ if herbicide resistance is taken up by weed species
Unknown long-term effects if modifying genomes
Unknown heath effects of eating genetically modified organisms

21
Q

How is sex determined in humans?

A

By chromosome pair 23

22
Q

What chromosome 23 to AMAB people have?

A

XY

23
Q

What chromosome 23 do AFAB people have?

A

XX

Biology 2 (5 decks)

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