Cell division and Stem Cells Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Linear arrangements of genes in the nucleus
How are chromosomes found?
In pairs, one from each parent
What is an allele?
A version of a particular gene. E.g a person can have different alleles of eye colour genes that specify their eye colour.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth, repair(, and replacement)
What does mitosis produce and how are its products similar?
Two daughter cells which are genetically identical and have the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell.
What is cancer?
The result of uncontrolled mitosis
How can cancer spread through the body?
Through travelling within the blood stream
Explain each stage of mitosis including gene numbers (Human = 46 total)
The mother cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
DNA replicates (92 chromosomes) and one copy of each goes into each cell.
There are now two daughter cells with 46 chromosomes.
What is the function of meiosis?
To form gametes (sex cells) like eggs and sperm for sexual reproduction.
How many new cells are produced through meiosis and how do they compare to the mother cell?
Four cells are formed with half as many chromosomes as the mother cell, they are not genetically identical to the mother cell or each other.
What is meiosis?
A type of cell division
What is the purpose of meiosis
To form gametes (sex cells) for sexual reproduction
How many chromosomes do cells formed through meiosis have?
1/2 as many as the mother cell (23 in humans). This means they are haploids
Are cells formed through meiosis genetically identical to the mother cell
No, they are not genetically identical to the mother cell or each other
How many cells are formed through meiosis
Four
