DNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the sub-unit of a DNA molecule?
Nucleotide
What are the three molecules that make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate group pentose sugar and nitrogenous base
What are the four different types of nucleotides found in DNA?
Adenine thymine cytosine guanine
Which nitrogenous base bonds to which?
A to T
C to G
What shape results from base pairing of DNA molecules?
A double helix
What are chromosomes?
Thread-like structure that carries genes
What are genes?
Sequence of nucleotides segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein product
What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
Genes are found on the chromosomes
When are chromosomes unreplicated
And haploid cells
When are chromosomes replicated
In diploid cells
What are sister chromatid
Replicated chromosome attached by the centromere
How do they compare genetically to each other sister chromatid
They are identical
What holds sister chromatids together
A centromere
Why is replication considered to be semi conservative
As a template add complementary nucleotides to it to form two double-stranded DNA molecules
What is ploidy
Number of complete sets of chromosomes
What does it mean when a cell is described as being haploid
One complete set of chromosomes n
What does it mean when a cell is described as diploid
Two complete sets of chromosomes 2N
In what kind of organism do you find diploid cells
In sexually reproducing organisms
From where do the two sets of chromosomes, a diploid cell
One from the mother and one from the father
