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Zoology Exam 1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic unit of structure and function of living things

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of cell theory?

A

1) cells are the basic structural and functional units of living things
2) all living thin are made up of cells
3) cells arise from preexisting cells

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3
Q

What are 3 characteristics shared by all cells?

A

1) they have DNA at some point
2) they have a plasma membrane
3) they have cytoplasm

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4
Q

What are the two types of cells that comprise livings?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

What are the differences between these two cell types

A

Size- prokaryotes are small eukaryotes are large.

Location of DNA- prokaryotes are in the nuleoid, eukaryotes
are in nucleus

Membrane bound organelles-

Prokaryotes have none orvery few, eukaryotes have many

Organization of genetic material- prokaryotes have circular DNA, eukaryotes have linear DNA

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6
Q

What comprises the plasma membrane?

A

A lipid bilayer that contains cholesterol and proteins

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7
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Molecules of fat with phosphate groups on the ends

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8
Q

What makes phospholipids so unique?

A

The fat end of the phospholipid is hydrophobic and the phosphate end is hydrophilic

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9
Q

Why is a plasma membrane described as a bilayer?

A

Phospholipids are lined up double so that the fathoms are facing each other and the phosphate ends are out word

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10
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

A

Plasma membrane is fluid made up of many components molecules are mobile and they move around in a sea of lipids

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11
Q

What other molecules are a part of a plasma membrane?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What are the three functions of membrane proteins?

A

Transport -to move molecules across the membrane

Enzymes-speed up chemical reactions

Receptors- bind hormones, other molecules,
trigger changes in the cell

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13
Q

What are the three types of membrane Junctions found in cells?

A

Tight junctions fuse adjacent cells impermeable They are found in the lining of the digestive tract

Desmosomes- anchor adjacent cells They are found in the skin and heart

Gap Junctions allow communication between cells They are found in the heart, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

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14
Q

How do molecules move across a plasma membrane?

A

Passive processes, active processes, vesicular transport

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15
Q

What are the passive processes by which things move across membranes?

A

Diffusion, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis

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16
Q

What are the active processes by which things move across the membranes?

A

Active transport, vesicular transport

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17
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Molecules diffuse directly across the plasma membrane

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18
Q

Does simple diffusion require energy in order to move molecules?

A

No

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19
Q

How does water get across a plasma membrane?

A

Osmosis

20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of a solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from regions of high solvent concentration to regions of low solvent concentration usually water

21
Q

What is a solute?

A

Dissolved particles

22
Q

What is a solvent?

A

Dissolving substance usually molecules in greatest amounts

23
Q

What is tonicity?

A

Dissolve particle concentration in a solution with respect to some other solution

24
Q

What does it mean when cell contents are described as being isotonic?

A

Equal concentrations of solutes on either side of the membrane

25
Q

What does it mean when a cell contents are described as being hypertonic?

A

Higher concentration of solutes on one side of the membrane

26
Q

What does it mean when cell contents are described as being hypotonic?

A

Lower concentration of solutes on one side of the membrane

27
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of solutes against a concentration gradient low-to-high requires carrier proteins to move molecules

28
Q

Does this process of active transport require energy?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is an example of active transport in cells?

A

Na+/K+ pump

30
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Move things from inside of the cell to outside of the cell

31
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Move things from outside of the cell to the inside of the cell

32
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis cell eating and pinocytosis cell drinking

33
Q

Nucleus?

A

Contains chromatin DNA and proteins

34
Q

Nucleolus?

A

Ribosome subunits made here one or two per cell associated with regions of DNA that make rRNA

35
Q

Mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic cellular respiration ATP production / energy transformation

36
Q

Ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis comprised of RNA and protein to subunits large and small

37
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Makes all proteins secreted from the cell integral membrane proteins phospholipids

38
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid metabolism cholesterol synthesis

39
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Stack of membranous sacs modifies and packages lipids and proteins for export from the cell the finishing touches School

40
Q

Lysosome?

A

Dispose of bacteria and debris contain digestive enzymes garbage truck

41
Q

Peroxisome?

A

Contains enzymes that detoxify formaldehyde and alcohol Dad’s job

42
Q

Microtubules?

A

Cell structure and shape train tracks of the cell

43
Q

Microfilaments?

A

Cell structure and shape train tracks of the cell

44
Q

Centrosomes?

A

Microtubule organizing Center region of cytoplasm around centrioles

45
Q

Centrioles?

A

9 triplets or microtubules both involved in cell division the Ziti or the churro

46
Q

Cilia?

A

Short synchronously beating microtubules

47
Q

Flagellum?

A

Responsible for cell movement made of long microtubules the 9 + 2 arrangement

Zoology Exam 1 (5 decks)

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