DNA

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Proteins that are bound to DNA

Answer 2

histones

Question 3

Coiled DNA

Answer 3

chromatin

Question 4

‘super-coiled’ sturucture that can be seen under a microscope

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

Sections of DNA molecule

Answer 5

gene

Question 6

DNA structue (double helix)

Answer 6

alternating sugars and phosphates with pairs of nitrogen bases

Question 7

4 different nitrogen bases

Answer 7

adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine

Question 8

bond between nitrogen bases

Answer 8

weak hydrogen bond

Question 9

Each phosphate group and sugar molecule with a nitrogen base

Answer 9

nucleotide

Question 10

Adenine pairs with

Answer 10

Thymine/Uracil

Question 11

Thymine/Uracil pairs with

Answer 11

Adenine

Question 12

Cytosine pairs with

Answer 12

Guanine

Question 13

Guanine pairs with

Answer 13

Cytosine

Question 14

Order of DNA determines

Answer 14

Genetic code

Question 15

Forming exact replica of themselves

Answer 15

Replication

Question 16

Role of DNA

Answer 16

provides instructions for protein synthesis

Question 17

sequence of 3 bases (transcription)

Answer 17

triplet

Question 18

amino acids are usually joined together at the

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

transcription

Answer 19

process which by mRNA is formed using the code from the DNA molecule

Question 20

starts the process of making mRNA

Answer 20

RNA polymerase

Question 21

template strand

Answer 21

one that is copied

Question 22

coding strand

Answer 22

same as DNA (though T will be U)

Question 23

translation

Answer 23

productions of a protein using the information in the mRNA molecule

Question 24

sequence of 3 bases (translation)

Answer 24

codon

Question 25

tRNA

Answer 25

made up of a chain of nucleotides that pair with each other to give the molecule a characteristic shape

Question 26

anticodon

Answer 26

halfway along nucleotide chain a tight loop forms that interact with mRNA
determined the amino acid carried by tRNA

Question 27

DNA located in the mitochondria

Answer 27

mitochondrial DNA

Question 28

Nuclear DNA vs Mitochondrial DNA

Answer 28

nDNA - long strands that are bound to proteins
mtDNA - form small circular molecules that aren’t bound to proteins. 37 genes. 24 code for RNA. 13 instructions for making enzymes

Question 29

1.G1 phase

Answer 29

or first growth phase

cell produces new proteins, grows and carries out its normal tasks for the body; when DNA begins to duplicate

Question 30

2.S phase

Answer 30

or synthesis phase

the DNA molecule in the cell nucleus form exact duplicates of themselves

Question 31

3.G2 phase

Answer 31

or second growth phase

relatively short phase involves preparation for cell division

Question 32

4. M phase

Answer 32

or mitotic phase

cell divides into two daughter cells

Question 33

interphase

Answer 33

DNA molecules duplicate

Question 34

prophase

Answer 34

nucleoli disappear; nuclear membrane breaks down; centrioles migrate to opposite poles; chromosomes appear as pairs of chromatids

Question 35

metaphase

Answer 35

chromosomes line up on the spindle at the equator

Question 36

anaphase

Answer 36

centromeres divide; chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle

Question 37

telophase

Answer 37

spindle disappears; nuclear membranes and nucleoli form; centrioles divide; chromosomes uncoil and disappear; cytokinesis begins

Question 38

cytokinesis

Answer 38

cytoplasm of the cell divides into two; each with a nucleus

Question 39

sex cells

Answer 39

sperm
ova
gametes

Question 40

number of chromosomes in mitosis

Answer 40

46

Question 41

number of chromosomes in meiosis

Answer 41

23

Question 42

gametogenesis

Answer 42

process of gamete development, including meiosis

Question 43

meiosis:

involves two nuclear devisions

Answer 43

but chromosomes duplicate only once