DNA Flashcards
What is a Nucleotide?
The building blocks of DNA
What are the three parts of Nucleotides?
- Deoxyribose
- Phosphate Group
- Nitrogenous Base
What are the four types of Nitrogenous Bases?
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
What are the two purposes of DNA?
- Pass genetic code to offspring
- Encode proteins
What is DNA Replication?
A process where a cell replicates it’s DNA
What are the three steps of DNA Replication?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What are the enzymes involved in DNA Replication and their purpose?
- Helicase: Separate double stranded DNA into single strands
- DNA Polymerase: Synthesizes DNA
- Primase: Synthesize RNA primers
- Ligase: DNA fragments join together
Where is DNA Replication located in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Nucleus
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
What is DNA Transcription?
When DNA is converted into an mRNA molecule
Where does Transcription occur?
Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: Nucleus
What are the three stages of Transcription?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What is Translation?
mRNA strands are used to create proteins
Where does Translation occur?
Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: Ribosomes
What are the three stages of Transcription?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What is Telomere & Telomerase?
DNA + Proteins
An enzyme that adds nucleotides to telomeres, which can be a contributor to aging
