DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

How many rings do Purines have?

A

2 rings

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2
Q

How many rings do Pyrimidines have?

A

1 ring

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3
Q

The number of Cytosines in a molecule of DNA should equal the number of ___.

A

Guanines

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4
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases?

A

Thymine|Adenine|Guanine|Cytosine

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5
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double Helix

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6
Q

What type of bonds are found between nitrogen bases?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do Adenine and Thymine have?

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do Cytosine and Guanine have?

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

What shape are Eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

Linear

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10
Q

What shape are Prokaryotic chromosomes?

A

Circular

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11
Q

What does DNA store?

A

Genetic information to build proteins

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12
Q

What are three nucleotides called?

A

Codon

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13
Q

What does Codons code for?

A

Amino Acids

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14
Q

What makes up the sugar-phosphate backbone?

A

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

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15
Q

What proteins help keep DNA coiled?

A

Nucleosomes and Histones

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16
Q

What is DNA coiled into?

A

Chromosomes

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17
Q

What do errors or damages to the DNA cause?

A

Mutations

18
Q

What is the order of enzymes used during DNA replication? (first to last)

A

Topoisomerase, Helicase, Primase, DNA Polymerase, & Ligase

19
Q

What intiates DNA synthesis for both the leading and lagging strand

A

RNA primers

20
Q

Which strands add new nucleotides from the 5′ to 3′ end?

A

Both the leading and lagging strand

21
Q

What organelle does DNA replication occur in?

A

Nucleus

22
Q

During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

S

23
Q

What is the site where DNA replication begins?

A

Replication Origin

24
Q

What is the builder in DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase

25
Q

What is the enzyme that connects DNA to the sugar phosphate backbone?

A

Ligase

26
Q

What protein does DNA wind itself around?

A

Histone

27
Q

What direction does DNA polymerase move in?

A

From the 5′ to 3′ end

28
Q

What enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds (unzips)?

A

Helicase

29
Q

What enzyme sets the primers?

A

Primase

30
Q

What are the fragments on the lagging strand called?

A

Okazaki fragments

31
Q

How are the two strands of DNA arranged?

A

Antiparallel

32
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Contains the instructions for creating proteins

33
Q

What are nucleotides made of?

A

Deoxyribose sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base

34
Q

What is the monomer of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

35
Q

What does Topoisomerase do in DNA replication?

A

Unwinds the DNA strands

36
Q

What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases?

A

Helicase

37
Q

What is the deoxyribose sugar molecule bonded to in nucleotides?

A

Phosphate & Nitrogen Base

38
Q

What does Antiparallel mean?

A

It runs in the opposite direction

39
Q

Which scientists developed the first DNA model in the shape of a double helix?

A

James Watson & Francis Crick

40
Q

What enzyme prevents supercoiling by breaking and reforming bonds of the sugar-phosphate backbone during DNA replication?

A

Topoisomerase

41
Q

Two __________ make one ___________?

A

Chromatids, Chromosomes