DNA

Question 1

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

Answer 1

• Gram positive bacteria only has one bilayer
• Gram negative bacteria has an inner and outer bilayer membrane which contains lipopolysaccharide
• They both contain peptidoglycan however it is thicker in the gram positive bacteria
• Gram negative bacteria is harder to kill due to their cell wall, when the cell wall is disturbed they release endotoxins which makes your symptoms worse

Question 2

What are phagocytes?

Answer 2

• It is an immune cell which can engulf and absorb bacteria

Question 3

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 3

• This is the process of where the cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf organisms

Question 4

How do phagocytes engulf a microbe?

Answer 4

• Microbes contain antigens on their surface and the phagocyte recognises these antigens as an invader
• They then engulf the microorganism and the enzymes inside of the phagocyte digest the microorgansim

Question 5

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 5

• They are a type of white blood cell which helps the body’s immune system to fight off viruses and bacteria

Question 6

What are antibodies?

Answer 6

• They are a type of protein which is produced by the immune system to attack and fight off antigens
• They attack and fight off antigen They attach to antigens and kill them

Question 7

What are antigens?

Answer 7

• They are foreign substances which enter the body
• They include bacteria and viruses etc

Question 8

What are the different immune responses?

Answer 8

• Humoral Response
• Cell-mediated Response