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DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What are alleles?

A

Alleles are 2 copies of a gene. One from the mother and the other from the father.

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2
Q

What is genome?

A

The complete set of genes in an organism

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3
Q

What are genes?

A

genes are a set of instructions that determine the traits of the organism

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4
Q

How many bases per turn in DNA.

A

10

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5
Q

What is the compostition of DNA

A
  1. Bases (ATCG)
  2. Sugar
  3. Phosphate
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6
Q

what are the examples of purine?

A

Adenine & Guanine

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7
Q

What are the examples of pyrimidines?

A

Thymine, Uracil & Cytosine

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8
Q

How many carbon rings does purine have?

A

2

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9
Q

How many carbon rings does pyrimidines have?

A

1

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10
Q

what bonds connect sugars and phosphate?

A

phosphodiester bond

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11
Q

When does DNA replication occur during cell cycle?

A

interphase

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12
Q

What is needed for DNA replication?

A
  1. DeoxyriboNucleosideTriPhosphate (dNTP)
    - dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP
  2. Energy
    - ATP
  3. Enzymes and proteins
    - DNA polymerase, Helicase, SSBP (single-stranded DNA binding proteins), Gyrase/Topoisomerase, Primase, Ligase
  4. Template DNA
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13
Q

What is the function of DNA helicase?

A

unwinds the DNA into single strands.

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14
Q

What is the function of topoisomerase/gyrase?

A

Topoisomerase/Gyrase creates nicks in DNA ahead of the replication fork to relax the supercoiling induced by helicase activity.

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15
Q

What is the leading strand?

A

leading strand builds in the same direction as helicase

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16
Q

what is the lagging strand?

A

lagging strand builds in the opposite direction of the helicase

17
Q

What is the function of DNA polymerase 1?

A

It removes RNA primer and replace it with DNA. It only acts on lagging strand.

18
Q

What is Okazaki Fragments?

A

Fragments caused by newly synthesized DNA in the lagging strand.

19
Q

What is the function of DNA ligase?

A

DNA ligase joints the Okazaki Fragment

20
Q

What is the function of primase?

A

primase creates primer which allows the DNA polymerase to start synthesizing the new strands of DNA

21
Q

What is the function of Single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBP)?

A

Stabilize the unwond parental DNA and make the templates available to primase and DNA polymerase

22
Q

In which direction is DNA replicated?

A

5’ to 3’

23
Q

What is the function of DNA polymerase 3?

A

Lays down complementary nucleotides in the 5’ – 3’ direction of the growing strand

CMB (10 decks)

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