Cell organelles

Question 1

Which organelles are membrane bound?

Answer 1

1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Mitochondria
5. Chloroplast
6. Lysosome

Question 2

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Contains DNA and nucleolus
The DNA codes for cell function and structure.
Nucleolus is a dense cluster of RNA and proteins which manufacture ribosomes.

Question 3

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

1. Synthesizes lipids, steroids
2. Processes toxins and drugs in liver cells
3. Stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells - important in conduction of contraction stimulus

Question 4

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

Synthesis and transport of protein.

Question 5

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 5

The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and distributes proteins

Question 6

What are the steps involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 6

1. Information in DNA is transcribed as mRNA
2. mRNA exits the nucleus through nucleus pores to enter the cytoplasm
3. The ribosomes on the rough ER translate the mRNA into protein
4. The proteins are transferred to the Golgi in vesicles to be modified.
5. The proteins are then processed and packaged into secretory vesicles, lysosomes, peroxisomes.

Question 7

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

Rich in enzymes responsible for catabolism.

contains ATP synthase located on the cristae and synthesized ATP

Question 8

What is the function of lysosome?

Answer 8

1. Digest harmful bacteria and foreign bodies
2. Digest worn out organelles
3. Causes necrosis
   a. Unintentional
   - rupturing of the lysosome
   b. Intentional
   - Part of apoptosis
   - Necessary for survival of organism (prevent cancer)

Question 9

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 9

contains enzymes which break down hydrogen peroxide (toxic to cells)`

Question 10

What is the function of secretory vesicles?

Answer 10

Cell secretions - hormones, neurotransmitters - are packaged in secretory vesicles at the golgi apparatus

The secretory vesicles are then transported to the cell surface for exocytosis

Question 11

What is the fuction of cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

1. Maintains cell shape, strengthen the plasma membrane and internal organisation
2. Internal movement of cell organelles
3. muscle fiber contraction

Question 12

What is the function of centrosome?

Answer 12

• produce microtubules

- contain centrioles

Question 13

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 13

• Structures found within the centrosome
• The centrosome of a cell contains 2 centrioles
• Important in moving chromosomes during cell division

Question 14

What is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 14

captures light energy to construct organic compounds (glucose) from water and carbon dioxide

Question 15

What is the structure of chloroplast?

Answer 15

• double membrane
• internal system of flattend membranous disc (thylakoids)
• each stack of thylakoids is called a granum
• A semi fluid interior, stroma

Question 16

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 16

1. Aids in the support of plants

2. stores water, food and toxic waste