Dizziness, vertigo Flashcards

1
Q

How is diagnosis of BPPV established?

A

Characteristic vertical and torsional nystagmus with Dix Hallpike maneuver

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2
Q

Describe examples of neurogenic syncope

A

Micturition syncope, carotid sinus hypersensitivity ( carotid sinus compression), Neurocardigenic (contraction of an unfolded ventricle), vasovagal syncope

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3
Q

How do lesions of the vermis differ from lesions of the hemispheres?

A

Vermis lesions cause truncal ataxia

Hemispheric lesions cause ipsilateral limb ataxia

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4
Q

What part of cerebellum bears the brunt of damage in alcoholic cerebellum degeneration?

A

Vermis - causes trunk and gait ataxia

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5
Q

What population tends to be affected by post infectious cerebellitis? How do they present?

A

Young kids - present with ataxia and dysarthria

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6
Q

What types of cancers are associated with cerebellum degeneration?

A

Gynecological cancer, small cell lung cancer

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7
Q

When is the onset of friedrichs ataxia?

A

Childhood

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8
Q

What is the typical presentation of friedrich ataxia?

A

Progressive ataxia of arms more than legs, loss of reflexes, spasticity, impaired vibration and position sense

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9
Q

What is the pathophysiology of EA2

A

Mutation in voltage gated calcium channel

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10
Q

A young patient presents with ataxia and moderate progressive cogn time decline. This is…

A

Spinocerebellar ataxia

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11
Q

A patient presents wtih ataxia, areflexia and opthalmolplegia following a course of illness. What is this and what is the pathophysiology?

A

Miller Fishcer syndrome - ataxia due to loss of propioception

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12
Q

A patient presents with slow shuffling gait with limited movement of arms and rapid small steps are needed to propulse forward. This is likely..

A

Parkinsons

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13
Q

Describe a frontal gait

A

difficulty in lifting feet off the ground

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14
Q

What is the typical cause of a waddling gait?

A

weakness of abductor muscles

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15
Q

A patient presents wtih a wide based gait that is slow and the forefoot slaps the ground. This is likely a …

A

sensory ataxia

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16
Q

A patient presents with difficulty hearing in the left ear and has experienced high pitched ringing. MRI shows contrast enhancing mass. This is..

A

acoustic schwannoma

17
Q

35 year old woman has SOB, diaphoresis, feelings of the world closing in. This is..

A

hyperventilation

18
Q

45 year old female develops dizziness, dysarthria over 10 days. She is unable to sit up without assistance. This is..

A

paraneoplastic

19
Q

55 year old man complains of unsteadiness and lightheadedness. He has a mild resting tremor, cogwheeling of upper limbs. He has postural hypotension and profound constipation. This is..

A

parkinsonian plus syndrome - multiple system atrophy

20
Q

83 year old woman has become progressively forgetful, stopped driving. She fails to recognize friends, has become withdrawn. MRI shows cortical atrophy and diffuse enlargement of ventricles.

A

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

21
Q

57 year od man has progressive difficulty walking, frontal headache. He has spasticity of the legs and hyperactive reflexes with bilateral babinskis. Sensory exam is normal. This is..

A

parasagittal meningioma

22
Q

A man’s MRI shows enlarged ventricles on MRI with normal 4th ventricle. This is..

A

aquaductal stenosis

23
Q

A woman with a hx of cervical cancer develops headaches and unsteadiness that worsen with lying down and is accompanied by diplopia and nausea. This is..

A

obstructive hydrocephalus

24
Q

A 17 year old girl develops morning headaches, nausea and is becoming unsteady on her feet. She has left facial wekaness and left limb dysmetria. This is…

A

medulloblastoma

25
Q

A patient develops an inability to speak and right sided weakness after seeing her father in the ICU

A

Conversion