Dizziness, vertigo Flashcards
How is diagnosis of BPPV established?
Characteristic vertical and torsional nystagmus with Dix Hallpike maneuver
Describe examples of neurogenic syncope
Micturition syncope, carotid sinus hypersensitivity ( carotid sinus compression), Neurocardigenic (contraction of an unfolded ventricle), vasovagal syncope
How do lesions of the vermis differ from lesions of the hemispheres?
Vermis lesions cause truncal ataxia
Hemispheric lesions cause ipsilateral limb ataxia
What part of cerebellum bears the brunt of damage in alcoholic cerebellum degeneration?
Vermis - causes trunk and gait ataxia
What population tends to be affected by post infectious cerebellitis? How do they present?
Young kids - present with ataxia and dysarthria
What types of cancers are associated with cerebellum degeneration?
Gynecological cancer, small cell lung cancer
When is the onset of friedrichs ataxia?
Childhood
What is the typical presentation of friedrich ataxia?
Progressive ataxia of arms more than legs, loss of reflexes, spasticity, impaired vibration and position sense
What is the pathophysiology of EA2
Mutation in voltage gated calcium channel
A young patient presents with ataxia and moderate progressive cogn time decline. This is…
Spinocerebellar ataxia
A patient presents wtih ataxia, areflexia and opthalmolplegia following a course of illness. What is this and what is the pathophysiology?
Miller Fishcer syndrome - ataxia due to loss of propioception
A patient presents with slow shuffling gait with limited movement of arms and rapid small steps are needed to propulse forward. This is likely..
Parkinsons
Describe a frontal gait
difficulty in lifting feet off the ground
What is the typical cause of a waddling gait?
weakness of abductor muscles
A patient presents wtih a wide based gait that is slow and the forefoot slaps the ground. This is likely a …
sensory ataxia
A patient presents with difficulty hearing in the left ear and has experienced high pitched ringing. MRI shows contrast enhancing mass. This is..
acoustic schwannoma
35 year old woman has SOB, diaphoresis, feelings of the world closing in. This is..
hyperventilation
45 year old female develops dizziness, dysarthria over 10 days. She is unable to sit up without assistance. This is..
paraneoplastic
55 year old man complains of unsteadiness and lightheadedness. He has a mild resting tremor, cogwheeling of upper limbs. He has postural hypotension and profound constipation. This is..
parkinsonian plus syndrome - multiple system atrophy
83 year old woman has become progressively forgetful, stopped driving. She fails to recognize friends, has become withdrawn. MRI shows cortical atrophy and diffuse enlargement of ventricles.
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
57 year od man has progressive difficulty walking, frontal headache. He has spasticity of the legs and hyperactive reflexes with bilateral babinskis. Sensory exam is normal. This is..
parasagittal meningioma
A man’s MRI shows enlarged ventricles on MRI with normal 4th ventricle. This is..
aquaductal stenosis
A woman with a hx of cervical cancer develops headaches and unsteadiness that worsen with lying down and is accompanied by diplopia and nausea. This is..
obstructive hydrocephalus
A 17 year old girl develops morning headaches, nausea and is becoming unsteady on her feet. She has left facial wekaness and left limb dysmetria. This is…
medulloblastoma
