Dizziness Flashcards
what causes Ménière’s disease?
dilation of the endolymphatic spaces in the membranous labyrinth
symptoms of Ménière’s disease?
recurrent spontaneous rotational vertigo (lasting for longer than 20mins) worsening tinnitus of affected side aural fullness nystagmus sensorineural hearing loss
investigation for Ménière’s disease?
pure tone audiometry
management of Ménière’s disease?
low salt diet and diuretic (acetazolamide)
prevention - diet, Betahistine, alcohol, stress avoidance
cause of Vestibular Neuronitis?
viral, usually symptoms of this a few days before
symptoms of Vestibular Neuronitis?
prolonged vertigo (days) no tinnitus or hearing loss
symptoms of Vestibular Labyrinthitis?
prolonged vertigo (days) may be associated tinnitus or hearing loss
what occurs in acute vestibular failure?
nystagmus AWAY from affected side
treatment for Vestibular Neuronitis/Labyrinthitis?
vestibular sedatives
self limiting usually
clinical presentations of a migraine?
phonophobia
hearing loss
motion sensitivity/sickness
vertigo
how does BPPV occur?
otolith material from utricle displaced into semicircular canals (most commonly posterior)
clinical presentation of BPPV?
vertigo on looking up/lying down/getting out of bed/turning in bed
brief episodes
no associated tinnitus, aural fullness, hearing loss
what does the Dix Hallpike test involve and show?
lie back so head is off couch while turning head 45 degrees (away from side being tested)
hold head in position and observe nystagmus and confirm patient experiences vertigo
how to treat BPPV?
Epley manouvre
head 45 degrees towards bad ear, to opposite site, lie on side, sit up
holding each position
for BPPV, what exercise can be done at home?
Brandt Daroff
lie on side, upright, lie on other side, upright
holding each position
