Divisions of the nervous system

Question 1

What makes up the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord
cell bodies

Note: it is called central because it is in the center of our body. Also, another name for it is neuroaxis

Question 2

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System?
also, what’s the difference between both types of nerves?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves
The difference is that cranial nerves are above the shoulder, whereas spinal nerves are at the shoulder or below
axons of the cell bodies
Note: all nerves in the peripheral nervous System

Question 3

What does it mean that the CNS is hierarchically organized?
Cerebral cortex vs spinal cord

Answer 3

It means the complexity of functions is not equal!
- The complexity increases from spinal cord to cortex (brain controls sc)
- The higher level controls the lower levels

Cortex: basis of thought and volition, sends message to the spinal cord (which controls our muscles)

Spinal cord and brain stem: regulates autonomic functions (hunger, sleeping cycle) and integrate reflexes

Question 4

What is the basic functional unit?

Answer 4

Neurons
Note: also the smallest functional unit (cuz it’s a cell)
high human functions and does computations

Question 5

Are glial cells neuron cells?

Answer 5

NO
Glial cells provide metabolic support for the neuron, and performs myelination

Question 6

How does myelination increase the transmission of electrical signals?

Answer 6

The electrical signal jumps from one Node of Ranvier to another