Anatomy of a neuron

Question 1

What does a single Schwann cell form?

Answer 1

An internode (a myelinated sheath)
Note: each cell forms an internode for the axon

Question 2

What is the axon terminal?

Answer 2

The synapse.
Functional unit that links the neuron to the target structure

Neurotransmitters travel across cleft to affect receptor structures on the communicating neuron

Question 3

Based on the number of dendrites, what are the different types of neurons to differentiate shape and size?

Answer 3

multipolar - more than 2 (dendrites)
bipolar - 2 dendrites
unipolar - one

Question 4

There are many ways to categorize neurons. What is another way?
4 types

Answer 4

By function.

Sensory: sensitive to various stimuli, or receives direct connections from non-neural cells

Motor: the last neurons (end directly) of muscles, glands

Interneurons: in the CNS, interconnecting other neurons (in between) and are projection neurons

Projection: long axons that connect for instance, a neuron in the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord (neurons in or within more distant regions of the CNS)
Note: more than 99% of our neurons are interneurons or projection neurons