Divisions of Place and Place Meanings

Question 1

Define place?

Answer 1

Place is a space or location that holds meaning.

Question 2

What are near and far places?

Answer 2

Near places can be thought of as geographically CLOSE to where a person lives.
Far places can be though of as geographically DISTANT to where a person lives.

Question 3

What are experienced and media places?

Answer 3

Experienced places are places that people have spent time in and acquired an accurate sense of place in.
Media places are places that people haven’t spent time in, but have created a sense of place for through the media instead.

Question 4

What are rural and urban places?

Answer 4

Rural places (characterised by) a lack of industrialisation and have a lot of green places. 
Urban places (characterised by) industrialisation and a lack of green spaces.

Question 5

Ferdinand Tonnies classification of rural and urban places?

Answer 5

Urban Extreme= GESSELSCHAFT- urban, large scale communities. Can lead to a sense of “placelessness”.
Rural Extreme= GEMEINSCHAFT- rural, small scale communities.

Question 6

What are insider and outsider perspectives?

Answer 6

Insider- an individual who is familiar within the place and feels welcomed: may have been born there, speak language, conform to local slang.
Outsider- an individual who is not familiar with the place and feels excluded and unwelcome. Usually due to xenophobia- fear of the “other”.

Question 7

Define character of place?

Answer 7

The physical and human features that help distinguish it from another place.

Question 8

What are flows and what flows move in and out of places?

Answer 8

The transfers in and out of a place.

Money, resources, ideas, people, investment.

Question 9

Define Demographic Characteristics and how flows can change them?

Answer 9

These are the characteristics that inform you who lives in a place and who they are- age, race, ethnicity, religion.
Flows of People- ALOT of demographic change- age/gender balance.
Flows of Money/Investment- investment into specific places to attract people to live there.
Flows of Ideas/Resources- birth control- reduced birth rate and population size.

Question 10

Define Cultural Characteristics and how flows can change them?

Answer 10

These are the characteristics that inform you how people live their lives-customs, traditions, beliefs.
Flows of people- new immigrants brining their culture with them= multi-ethnic communities+ Flows of Ideas.

Question 11

Define Economic characteristics and how flows can change them?

Answer 11

Related to work and money- employment, income.

Flows of people- Tourism. Flows of resources- Natural resources and local products.

Question 12

Define Sense of Place ? What are the two other aspects or concepts of place?

Answer 12

1. S.O.P -Refers to the subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place.
2. Location- “where” a place is and the location a place exhibits on a map, for example longitude and latitude.
3. Locale- This is a place where something happens or is set, or that has particular events associated with it.

Question 13

Define Forces of Change?

Answer 13

Groups that drive alterations to places to manipulate the sense of place and place meaning acquired when in that place- community groups, TNC’s, Governments, Councils.

Question 14

Forces of change use rebranding. Define rebranding and name some methods and examples?

Answer 14

The process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location. Advertising campaigns, improvement of infrastructure, positive media coverage, tourist board management EG: councils may invest in tourism boards.

Question 15

Define Endogenous Factors and give examples?

Answer 15

Endogenous factors are the INTERNAL factors that shape a places character.
Physical Examples: Location, Topography, Geology

Question 16

Define Exogenous Factors and give examples?

Answer 16

Exogenous factors are the EXTRENAL factors that shape a places character.
Examples: flows of money, people, resources and investment- immigrants, tourism, investment for infrastructure.

Question 17

Exogenous Example?

Answer 17

Large numbers of South Asian migrants in Manchester have created “Curry Mile” in Rusholme. The character of the area is now dominated with different languages and the sense of place/place meaning has changed.

Question 18

Endogenous Example?

Answer 18

The relief and topography of the land within the River Eden Drainage Basin increases the likelihood of flooding within close urban areas such as Keswick, leading to man-made flood defences changing the character of the area- natural area destroyed.

Question 19

Define “Clone Towns”?

Answer 19

The action of high-streets and towns loosing their identity to larger, dominant chain shops= a sense of “PLACELESNESS”.
Main contributor is globalisation= the increase in trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods.

Question 20

Clone Towns Example?

Answer 20

Totnes, Devon, England.
Costa coffee is Britain’s largest coffee and would have lead to Totnes loosing its unique sense of place.
6,000 signed the petition and 300 wrote to the council. Would have entered a cycle of deprivation.

Question 21

Define “Genius Loci”?

Answer 21

The spirit of a place. It suggests that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere based on everything the location is made up of now and in the past.

Question 22

Urban Rebranding: Blackpool, Lancashire Coast, N-W of England- Why did Blackpool need rebranding?

Answer 22

• One of the worst crime hotspots in the UK.
• “Tacky Image”
• Falling visitors due to bad reputation
• Most deprived sea-side town in England.

Question 23

Urban Rebranding: Blackpool, Lancashire Coast, N-W of England- Why did Blackpool grow initially?

Answer 23

Human- Introduction of package holidays, Visitor attractions, Good rail links from major cities: Mcr. IR
Physical- Large sandy beaches, Safe beaches as waves are constructive, Driest part of Lancashire coast.

Question 24

Urban Rebranding: Blackpool, Lancashire Coast, N-W of England- Why did Blackpool decline?

Answer 24

Competition of other holiday resorts with guaranteed weather.
Cheaper holiday packages aboard.
Families deterred by crime, hen-nights ect.
Little investment in activities to do.

Question 25

Urban Rebranding: Blackpool, Lancashire Coast, N-W of England- Forces of change and what’s been done?

Answer 25

Merlin Entertainment Group- Investment into Blackpool tower and Madame Tussauds. World Wide Lighting design- investment into lights. Blck Council- Planning permission and investment.

• New Promenade including “Comedy Pavement”
• Re-development of “Hounds hill” shopping centre.
• New Tourist Information board.

Question 26

Near Case Study: Changing Places: Penrith- FACT SPRAWL in 3, 2, 1 GO.

Answer 26

Location: Small town in Cumbria, 30km SE of Carlisle, in-between TLDNP AND NP. History: Roman Road- Market town since 1223. Demographics: 98.3%white, 0.2% black, 23% of population aged 60-75- AGING POPULATION. Migration: 2004 EU expansion =”A8” migrants- Zabka Mini Market. Investment: New Squares, 2013, 77 million. Story Homes: “Brougham Fields”-counteract ageing population. (13,300)

Question 27

Far Case Study: Changing Places: Hackney- FACT SPRAWL in 3,2,1 GO.

Answer 27

North East of City Centre, 3km North of River Thames.
1950-1970’s= Windrush generation- POST WAR labour shortage. 11th most deprived borough in London.
White British “Eastender” vs Black, African American.
Demographics: 45% white. Past: German migrants dominated, 200,000. Present: Turkish, 247,000.
Economically active, Quaternity Sector.
-Hackney Gentrification Song “Knock em Down”
-Stories of a Hackney Generation Article. (8,923)

Question 28

Define Gentrification?

Answer 28

The process where an area is redeveloped and upgraded due to flows of affluent people displacing pre-existing individuals.

Question 29

Gentrification causes?

Answer 29

GOVERNMENT POLICIES- such as the rebranding of places through placemaking. They decide where money goes.
Increased commuting costs.
A perception of the area being “run-down” and “derelict”.

Question 30

Gentrification- affect on property and land values?

Answer 30

+becomes a property hotspot
+low priced homes become desired by buyers
-low income tenants are displaced
-“over-heating” and hyper gentrification ( Some London locations have become 10x more expensive in 10yrs)

Question 31

Gentrification- affect on environment quality?

Answer 31

+“cleans up” environment
+increases green spaces
-new buildings and infrastructure can increase flooding
-increased carbon/greenhouse emissions.

Question 32

Gentrification- affect on social issues/tensions?

Answer 32

• rising tensions take place as locals are displaced
• CASE STUDY- Cereal Killer Café : 200 rioters vandalised café on BRICK LANE which exemplified the epitome of gentrification.