Division and Differentiation in Human Cells (1)

Question 1

What are Somatic Cells, and how do they divide?

Answer 1

A Somatic Cell is any cell in your body except for the ones that are involved in reproduction. It divides by mitosis.

Question 2

What are Germline Cells, and how do they divide?

Answer 2

Germline cells are gametes and stem cells that make up gametes. They can divide by mitosis and meiosis.

Question 3

What is formed when cells within a tumour fail to attach and therefore spread around the body via bloodstream?

Answer 3

Secondary Tumour

Question 4

What is the biological term for sex cells?

Answer 4

Gamete

Question 5

What is a feature of tissue stem cells that only allows them to differentiate into a certain range of cells?

Answer 5

Multipotent

Question 6

What is a full chromosome complement of 2 sets of 23 chromosomes called?

Answer 6

Diploid

Question 7

What is the process by which cells express certain genes to produce a protein that is characteristic for a specific type of cell allowing it to carry out a specific function?

Answer 7

Cellular Differentiation

Question 8

Where are Embryonic Stem Cells found?

Answer 8

Very early embryos

Question 9

Why are embryonic stem cells so useful and what is their feature called?

Answer 9

All the genes in an embryonic stem cell can be switched on allowing it to become any type of cell. This makes them pluripotent.

Question 10

What can Embryonic Stem Cells do under the right conditions in the lab?

Answer 10

Self Renew

Question 11

What are Tissue Stem Cells involved in?

Answer 11

They are involved in growth, repair and cell renewal in a particular type of tissue.

Question 12

What is the function of Tissue Stem Cells

Answer 12

Tissue Stem Cells can differentiate into any type of cells in a particular tissue. This makes Tissue Stem Cells multipotent.

Question 13

What are some therapeutic uses for Stem Cells?

Answer 13

Stem Cells can be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Some examples of this include Corneal Repair and Skin Grafts

Question 14

What do Medical Researchers often use Stem Cells as?

Answer 14

Model Cells that are used to study how diseases develop and are also used for drug testing

Question 15

What is an issue that may occur when working with Embryonic Stem Cells as the process involves destroying the embryo?

Answer 15

Ethical Issue

Question 16

What are Cancer Cells?

Answer 16

They are cells that divide excessively as they do not respond to regulatory signals.

Question 17

What is a mass of abnormal cells called?

Answer 17

Tumour

Question 18

What is the process which results in identical diploid cells?

Answer 18

Mitosis

Question 19

What is the process called where pairs of homologous chromosomes separate?

Answer 19

First Meiotic Division

Question 20

What is the process called where chromatids separate?

Answer 20

Second Meiotic Division

Question 21

How do Germline Cells undergo meiosis?

Answer 21

Two division occur where the first separates the homologous chromosomes and the second stage separates the chromatids