Diversity, Social/Economic Justice, and Oppression Flashcards
1
Q
What are the key concepts of Feminist Theory
A
- Analyzes the status of woman & men in society, using this knowledge to better women’s lives
- Question differences between women & men – how race, class, ethnicity, sexuality, nationality & age intersect with gender
- Themes: discrimination, objectification (especially sexual), oppression, stereotyping etc.
- A Political, cultural, and/or economic movement aimed at establishing equality and legal protection for women
2
Q
Effects of Disability on Biopsychosocial functioning throughout the lifespan
A
- Increased age = increased likelihood of disability as people live longer - which can lead to a negative image of aging
- Aging often results in disability and therefore outcomes are not centered around if disability will happen but when, how many, and how severe
- Disability occurs when physical/mental health declines associated with aging, illness, injury that restricts ability to perform ADL’s
- Mobility most often tied to impairment because visible & critical to engaging in activities independently
- Most common cause among older adults is: chronic disease, injury, mental impairment, malnutrition
- There is a relationship between disability & poverty
○ Poverty can lead to malnutrition, poor/no health services, unsafe living conditions that increases risk - Disability can also result in loss of income and therefore greater likelihood of living in poverty
- Despite this, happiness and wellbeing tend to be high among older adults despite declines in physical/mental health and onset of disability
- NOT ALL DISABILITY LEADS TO DEPENDENCE
- If consequences of disability can be reduced/eliminated then so can negative effects on QOL
- Environment plays a crucial role in the impact of disability – those who remain outside of long term facilities are often more productive and satisfied
- Facilities based on accessibility and promoting independence can result in better quality of life
3
Q
What are the 6 ethnic & racial categories recognized by the US Census
A
White american, American Indian & Alaska Native, Asian, African American, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and people of 2 or more races
- Differences between racial & ethnic groups (intergroup) are often less profound than those found within these groups (intragroup)
4
Q
Key beliefs/values of White American group
A
- Family:
§ Parents with young children, divorce common, personal desires over family, parents try to be friends with children, avoid physical punishment
- Communication:
§ American standard English, communication can be long-winded and impersonal
- Spirituality:
§ Religion is a private affair, mainly protestant and bible based
- Values
Capitalism, poverty is a moral failing and wealth is held in high esteem, physical beauty is valued (white skin, blond hair, thin body), sports are important, democracy and freedom, individual rights
5
Q
Key beliefs/values of American Indian/Alaska Native group
A
- Family:
§ Complex family organizations includes relatives without blood ties, strong kinship bonds (multigenerational, extended families), group valued over individual, husband and wife tend to communicate with their gender group than each other, harmony very important, sharing of material goods, group decision making
- Communication
§ Indirect, still and quiet, comfortable with silence, value listening & nonverbal communication, may avoid direct eye contact as a show of respect when talking to a higher status person
- Spirituality
§ Fundamental part of life, interconnectedness of all living things, sacredness of all creation, use of traditional & western healing practices, shaman/spiritual leaders are traditional healers
- Values:
Holistic, interconnectedness of mind, body, spirit & heart, time is a circular flow, follow nature’s rhythms rather than linear time
6
Q
Key beliefs/values of Asian group
A
- Family:
§ Patriarchal, wife has lower status is subservient to father, husband and oldest son, obligation to parents and respect for elders, hierarchical family structure with strictly prescribed roles and rules of behaviour and conduct
- Communication:
§ Indirect in order to avoid direct confrontation and maintain highly valued harmonious relationships, less emotional expression (reserved) and demonstration of affection
- Spirituality:
§ Influenced by buddhism & confucianism philosophies
- Values
Shaming & obligation to others for reinforcing culture norms, adhering to rules of conduct reflects on individual, family and extended kinship network, usually seek help from family or cultural community
*** May respond to psychotropic drugs differently. Typically require lower doses of medications and may experience more severe side effects. May be resistant and find homeopathic methods more acceptable
7
Q
Key beliefs/values of African/American group
A
- Family:
§ multigenerational, strong kinship bonds including extended families & relatives without blood ties, informal adoption of children by extended family, flexible family roles, women viewed as being “all sacrificing” and the “strength of the family” - Communication:
§ Animated, try to get opinions heard, often includes physical touch, direct, always respectful, history of racism and sense of powerlessness impacts interactions - Spirituality:
§ Turn to community & religious leaders if assistance is needed, church as central part of community life - Values:
- Strong kinship bonds, strong work ethic, strong religious orientation, informal support networks - church/community, distrust gov & social services and feel disregarded, strong sense of pride, may deny help
8
Q
Key beliefs/values of Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander group
A
- Family:
§ Western concept of “immediate family” is completely alien, family is not restricted to those related by blood - “we are all related”, ties that bind cannot be broken even by death, cherish ancestors, each generation of lineage committed to memory, chants composed to herald their ancestors abilities
- Communication:
§ Many subgroups with different languages & customs, ability to speak English has a tremendous impact on access to health information, public services, Hawaii is only state with a designated native language (Hawaiian) as one of its two official state languages
- Spirituality:
§ Polytheistic, believing in many deities, belief that spirits are found in non-human beings & objects - animals, waves, sky
- Values:
Importance of culture & welfare of all living in a community, focus on ensuring the health of the community as a whole, everyone has a responsibility to use their talents to the benefit of the whole, sharing is central
9
Q
Key beliefs/values of Hispanic/Latino group
A
- Family:
§ Extended family incorporates godparents and informally adopted children, deep sense of commitment and obligation to family, family unity, welfare and honor are important, emphasis on group rather than individual, male has greater power & authority - Communication
§ Often speak Spanish, varied emotional expressiveness depending on language being spoken, can be very expressive, friendly, playful in spanish but more business like and guarded in English - Spirituality
§ Most roman catholic, emphasis on spiritual values, strong church & community orientation/interdependence - Values
- Wish to improve their life circumstances, belief in innate worth of all individuals and that people are born into their lot in life, respect for dignity of self and others, respect for elders, authority, very proud of heritage
10
Q
Effects of Discrimination & Stereotypes on Behaviours, Attitudes, & Identity
A
- Both micro/macro levels
- Linked to anxiety & depression as well as other mental health and behavioural problems
- May be physical effects (diabetes, obesity, high BP)
- At macro level discrimination also restricts access to the resources on systems needed for good health, education, employment, social support and participation in sports, cultural & civic activities
- Can create climate of despondence, apprehension, and fear within a community
- Can flow and affect future generations which can lead to cycles of poverty and disadvantage through generations
11
Q
Define Sexual Orientation & its characteristics
A
an individual’s pattern of physical, romantic, sexual, and emotional arousal toward other persons, not chosen
- Doesn't fit neatly into a label or category, can change - be fluid over time and take a while to figure out - Doesn't mean people "grow out of" their attractions - Sense of personal and social identity based on those attractions - Exists along a continuum (hetero, gay/lesbian/homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, queer, questioning/curious, asexual) Some don't feel that any of these labels accurately describe them, some don't like labels
12
Q
Define Sexual Behaviour & characteristics
A
sexual contacts/actions.
Orientation may not fit perfectly with behaviour. Many factors determine behaviour: orientation, peer pressure, family expectations, cultural expectations, religious beliefs etc.
13
Q
Define Sexual Identity & characteristics
A
can also be different from orientation. About the way people present their sexual preferences. Can be different between private and public. Many who have same sex encounters/attraction do not see themselves as homo/bisexual
14
Q
Define Transgender & characteristics
A
gender identity, expression, or behaviour is different from those typically associated with assigned sex at birth
- Realization can happen at any point in life (early childhood, puberty, later) - Societal gender norms and expectations may contribute to realization or dysphoria - Distress is common - Transition is a time when individuals begin living as the gender with which they identify - Often includes changing name, dressing and grooming differently - Can include medical & legal aspects - hormones, surgery, ID -- these are costly though - Often relieves dysphoria though may not completely - Goal is to be perceived correctly -- "passing" (?? also feel like the goal is personal as well - to have appearance reflect internal feelings) - Typically transitioning is done to align physical appearance and characteristics with gender identity - Can have significant psych, social, physical benefits - can improve self confidence and esteem - Reasons for transition are personal and unique - some may not pursue aspects of transition for personal choice, lack of access or resources - Family members may not understand & ask invasive questions or find identity difficult to accept - often without intent of harm
15
Q
What are the key concepts of Gender & Social Role Theories
A
- Gender roles are theoretical constructs referring to a set of social and behavioural norms that are considered to be socially appropriate within a culture (differs between cultures)
- Gender Role theory asserts that observed gender differences in behaviour as in part socially constructed and a product of socialization experiences – environmental role emphasized instead of biological
- Process of transferring norms, values, beliefs and behaviours
- Learn to perform ones gender through particular behaviours and attitudes
- Social role theory proposes that the social structure is the underlying force and that sex-differentiated behaviour is driven by the division of labour between sexes in society
- Gender Role theory asserts that observed gender differences in behaviour as in part socially constructed and a product of socialization experiences – environmental role emphasized instead of biological
