Diversity - Representations Of Gender Flashcards
What is Sex?
The biological differences between a Male and a Female
What is gender?
The social expectations or assumptions assigned via our Sex
Why is gender significant for language?
As the social expecations or assumptions regarding Gender often apply to language
Why is The English Language sexist according to Miller and Swift? (Historical)
The English language evolved in the patriarchal Anglo-Saxon society so as a result appears sexist
What does Spender say about ‘language being Male as norm’?
He said that language supports the supremacy on men due to male being the norm (e.g ‘mankind’)
What did Gradol and Swan claim about using man to refer to all humans?
They said its unnecessary and confusing
What is a marked term?
A term which is typically associated with a gender (Firefighter or Dr + Nurse or Vet)
What is the bound morpheme to switch a male marked term to a female one?
-ess = ‘Dutchess, Actress’
What is a gratuitous modifer?
A free modifier that is often used in front of a markered term - ‘lady doctor’ ‘male nanny’
What does Spender claim about the reasoning behind the order of precedence of words?
He claims its linked to old outdated attitudes of society passed
What term did Schulz (1995) use to describe the inequality of power between male and female words?
Lexical asymmetry
What is Lexical asymmetry to describe?
Female words in pairs that seem equal but aren’t (e.g Bachelor + Spinster)
What did Baker find about common collocations of Marked terms?
He found that they significantly favoured men (e.g eligible bachelor, frustated spinster)
What did Stanely (1973) find out about the lexical gaps between male and female terms for sexual promiscuity?
He found 200 words to describe sexually promiscuous females and only 20 for sexually promiscuous males
What is a collocation?
A pair or group of words that are habitually juxtaposed (e.g heavy drinker, Strong tea)
