Child Language Acquisition (Paper 1) Flashcards
What are the features of the Proto-word stage?
Consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel sounds that are similar to actual words are made by the child, however, they are applied inconsistently
Example: Goggie (sounding like dog)
What are the features of the one word / holophrastic phase?
Single words that relate consistently to identifiable references
What are the features of the two-word stage?
Utterances consisting of two words in a range of patterns
Example: where mummy?
What is the telegraphic stage?
When a child speaks in utterances that consist of three or more words, in which key content words are used, while grammatical function words are left out
Example: that my doll
What is the post-telegraphic stage?
When the grammatical words missing from the telegraphic stage start to appear, and clauses begin to be linked into longer sentences
Example: we went to the park and played football
What is addition?
When a child adds an extra phoneme (often vowel sounds) to an already existing word
Example: Doggie
What is reduplication?
When a child repeats an entire syllable
Example: Choochoo
What is deletion?
Removal of a sound typically occurs on the last constant sound
Example: pig becoming pi
What is consonant cluster reduction?
When a child simplifies a cluster on consonant words into a single sound or a more manageable combination of sounds
Example: poon (for spoon)
What is substitution?
When a child substitutes harder phonemes for easier ones
For example: the voiced interdental fricative ‘th’ (θ) is replaced commonly with the aveolar plosive ‘d’
E.g dere —-> there
What is switching sounds?
Children find fricatives the hardest to pronounce, as a result, they switch the sound to one easier to produce that come from roughly the same area of the mouth
Example: dop it (for stop it)
What is a Referential child?
A child whose vocabulary is made out of mostly nouns
What is an expressive child?
Children whose vocabulary is made out of mostly social language and verbs
What is assimilation?
When a child changes a sound due to other sounds around it
Example: child cannot pronoun ‘r’ correctly so change ‘ rabbit ‘ to ‘ babbit ‘ due to the ‘b’
What is syballic deletion?
When a child can not pronounce a word so it deletes a whole syllable
Example: nana (for banana(
What is devoicing?
When a child picks the voiceless sound in a mimimal pair
Example: Rabbit turns to rappit
What is a mimimal pair?
Pairs of words or phrases that differ in only one phonological element
Example: ship and sheep
What is overgeneralisation
When a child applies a regular grammatical rule in an irregular situation
Ex: “ i runned “ adding the ‘ed’ because usually it makes a word past tense
What is an example of classification (cognition theory)
A child calling a toy ‘‘red”
What’s an example of object permanence (1st stage of development according to cognition theory)
A child asking where their toy is
What is an example of seration (3rd stage of cognitive theory)
A child calling themselves the biggest
How do children use pronouns during the first stage of pronoun acquisition?
They don’t use them at all instead they use names
How do children use pronouns during the second stage of pronoun acquisition
They apply them but incorrectly and inconsistently
Example - child: where’s Dad? I miss her
How do children use pronouns in the third stage of pronoun acquisition?
They use them correctly
