Diversity - Accent And Dialect (Paper 2)

Question 1

What is an accent?

Answer 1

A distinctive way of pronouncing a language, particularly associated with a particular country, social class or area

Question 2

What is a dialect?

Answer 2

The whole way language is used, including accent, vocabulary etc

Question 3

What caused the formation of dialect?

Answer 3

Communities constantly being together causing the creation of specific ways of speaking

Question 4

What did Howard Giles find about the way RP was perceived?

Answer 4

He found that received pronunciation was rated as highly intelligent and powerful, but cold

Question 5

What were Trudgil’s ing/in findings an example of?

Answer 5

Code-switching

Changing styles to fit context

Question 6

What did Trudgil find regarding corretness linked gender?

Answer 6

Women tend to fall closer to hypercorrectness ( rarely dropping g)

Question 7

What is an example of convergence in modern-day Britain?

Answer 7

People copying the accent and dialect used in music such as grime because they see it as cool

Question 8

What did Howard Gilies write about with accommodation theory ?

Answer 8

He said that two things can happen with people’s dialects during a conversation

Convergence: trying to fit In with the other person’s way of speaking

Divergence: trying to found different to the other person’s way of speaking

Question 9

What percentage of employers discriminate on accent?

Answer 9

80%

Question 10

What does the discrimination towards accent in the work place demonstrate?

Answer 10

That there is clear prejudice in that area

Question 11

How are rural accents seen according to Giles study?

Answer 11

They are seen as friendly

Question 12

What are the two types of prestige of accents?

Answer 12

Overt and Covert

Question 13

How are Urban accents seen by non-speakers?

Answer 13

They are seen as Untrustworthy

Question 14

How are Urban accents rated by speakers?

Answer 14

They are rated very highly

Question 15

Which accent has overt prestige?

Answer 15

Received pronunciation

Question 16

Which accent has covert prestige?

Answer 16

Our accent which we are speakers of

Question 17

What accent are working-class people more likely to use?

Answer 17

Their regional accent

Question 18

What is upwards convergence?

Answer 18

When someone ‘improves’ their accent
(Gets closer to RP)

Question 19

What is downward convergence?

Answer 19

When someone moves away from RP

Question 20

What did Trudgill claim is causing the decline in traditional dialects?

Answer 20

Dialect leveling is caused by the increased movement of people in the UK

Question 21

How did Trudgil view all the dialects?

Answer 21

He viewed them ALL as equal

Question 22

What did Labov find in his study into the rhotic ‘R’ at US shops?

Answer 22

He found that the more posh a shop was , the MORE pronunced the rhotic ‘r’ is

Question 23

How is the rhotic ‘r’ viewed by RP speakers?

Answer 23

Its seen as improper or unintelligent

Question 24

What accent did Howard Giles find was viewed as the most impressive using a verbal guise technique?

Answer 24

RP

Question 25

What accent did Howard Giles find was viewed as the most persausive using a verbal guise technique?

Answer 25

Southern Welsh

Question 26

What type of accent had the lowest Status according to Giles (1970)?

Answer 26

Regional urban accents

Question 27

What was Giles's opinion on which accent is the best?

Answer 27

As a descriptivist, Giles claimed that no accent is superior to the other

Question 28

What is Estuary English?

Answer 28

A middle ground between cockeny and RP

Question 29

In their study, 'Bad accents' what did Trudgil and Anderson claim were the two options regional accent speakers had in response to accent discrimination?

Answer 29

1) adopt and RP accent 2) oppose the label by knuckling down

Question 30

What did Trugil and Anderson claimed caused accent prejudice?

Answer 30

We associate accents based off of social stereotypes (e.g urban accents with dirty cities) therefore we act accordingly

Question 31

How did Trugil and Anderson support their claim that accent prejudice was based off of social stereotypes?

Answer 31

They asked North American people (who didnt know the stereotypes) and asked them to rate accents 1st was RP 2nd was Cockney - significant as UK surveys have it last

Question 32

What does Labov's research into the rhotic 'r' being a priestige feature in US stores suggest about opinions towards accent and dialect?

Answer 32

It suggests that it is completely based off of social sterotypes

Question 33

Who studied social networks effect on language use?

Answer 33

Millroy (1980)

Question 34

What did Millroy find about dense multiplex networks use of language?

Answer 34

She found that DMN's were far more likely to use vernacular (non-standard dialect and regional accents)

Question 35

What are three mainstream dialects (L1)

Answer 35

American English Australian

Question 36

What are three traditional dialects?

Answer 36

Manciunan Somerset Liverpudlian

Question 37

What is a Shibboleth?

Answer 37

A linguistic marker that shows we are part of group

Question 38

What is L vocalisation?

Answer 38

The lateral sound is pronounced more like a W (Feel --> Felw) (felt ---> fewt)

Question 39

What is price rounding?

Answer 39

When the I sound comes out as 'oi' (E.g Loight)

Question 40

What are some features of the cockney accent?

Answer 40

Glottal stops L vocalisation Omission of the 'ly' bound morpheme

Question 41

What did Rosewarne claim about the spread of Estuary English?

Answer 41

They claim that Estuary had been spreading since the 50's

Question 42

How did Labov' 2nd study into the rhotic 'r' suggest that it was seen as a prestige figure in the US?

Answer 42

It showed that the more concentrated a speaker was , the more the rhotic 'r' was used, meaning its a conscious decision

Question 43

What is the rhotic 'r'?

Answer 43

It is pronouncing the 'r' sound when it would usually be silent (E.g Cah---> Car)

Question 44

What Is h-dropping?

Answer 44

It is when the h is ignored when pronouncing a word (e.g house---> ouse

Question 45

What is yod dropping?

Answer 45

Dropping the 'Y' infront of the vowel (E.g --> myusic ----> musik)

Question 46

What is the trap/bath split?

Answer 46

The divide where people use a short a or an elongated North = ae (elongated 'a') Southern English = a (short 'a')

Question 47

What is Th fronting?

Answer 47

The dipthong 'Th' is replaced with f in (E.g think ---> fink) 'Th' becomes a 'v' in some words such as 'bruver' or 'bover'

Question 48

What is a dipthong?

Answer 48

A gliding monosyllabic speech sound (E.g 'Th')

Question 49

What are some features of the Somerset dialect?

Answer 49

Use of the Rhotic 'r' Use of male pronoun for objects Th fronting

Question 50

What percentage of H dropping oppertunties are used the lower working class ? (Pety)

Answer 50

93%

Question 51

What is Standard English?

Answer 51

The 'correct' use of the English Language, the way non-speaking people are taught and the 'standard' for use (dialect)

Question 52

What is RP?

Answer 52

RP , is the 'correct' pronunciation of the English Language, it is also know as the queens English (Accent)