Diversity of Protists Flashcards
Eukaryotes:
protists, plants, animals, fungi
Have membrane-bound organelles
• Have a nucleus
• Have a cytoskeleton for support (Allows for asymmetrical cell forms)
4 supergroups within Eukarya (2 unresolved protistan group)
most are single celled organisms
Protists
are the most abundant eukaryotic lineages and are unicellular
Some can exist in colonies or be multicellular
Diverse reproductive cycles
Asexual, sexually, alternating between 2N and N
Describe the nutritional modes in protists
Diverse nutritional modes:
Photoautotrophs, containing chloroplasts
Heterotrophs
Mixotrophs, both photosynthetic and heterotrophic( Have arisen independently in protist lineages )
Explain how the endomembrane system and plastids evolved in the evolution of eukaryotes.
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Compare primary and secondary endosymbiosis.
a. Identify the number of separate genomes in organisms with plastids.
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Describe the basic characteristics of each of the four Supergroups.
a. Classify protists into one of the Supergroups or smaller clades (see list of names at the end of this document) based on present characteristics.
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Supergroup
i
Heterotroph
i
Autotroph
i
Mixotroph
both photosynthetic and heterotrophic
Endomembrane system
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Primary endosymbiosis
engulfing of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium by a heterotrophic eukaryote
First transfer of photosynthesis from a prokaryote to a eukaryote
Secondary endosymbiosis
heterotrophic eukaryote ate a photosynthetic eukaryote
Usually a red or green algae
Spread photosynthesis to 3 out of 4 supergroups
Photosynthetic eukaryote becomes the new plastid
Plastid
is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered to be intracelluar endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria
Nucleomorph
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Phytoplankton
diatom
subgroup Stramenopiles
supergroup SAR
Zooplankton
Unicellular organisms that move via cilia
cilliates
subrgoup alveolates
supergroup SAR
Accessory pigment
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Macronucleus
transcriptional active (produces RNA) in cilliates
Micronucleus
exchange of genetic material during conjugation
Pseudopodia
false feet
in rhizorans
Alga
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Amoeba
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Plasmodium (syncytium)
parasite that causes malaria
subgroup; apicomplexan
Colonial
i