Diversity - Occupation

Question 1

What is a discourse community?

Answer 1

A group of people who use specalist lexis and discourse, they communicate internally using more than one method of communication and posses the knowlege to participate in the DC

Question 2

What is occupational discourse?

Answer 2

Insider language

Question 3

What features would you find in high register occupational lexis?

Answer 3

Specalist lexis
Specalised semantics

Question 4

What features would be found in low register occupational lexis?

Answer 4

Codes
Insider Jargon (e.g acronym’s)

Question 5

What two parts did Hasan (1985) split service encounters into?

Answer 5

Obligatory Elements
Optional Elements

Question 6

What did Hasan (1985) claim was the nature of service encounters?

Answer 6

He said they were transactional (e.g goal orientated)

Question 7

What are the optional elements of a service encounter? (Hasan 1985)

Answer 7

Greetings, sales enquiry and leaving talking

Question 8

What did Leinder claim was the use of styling?

Answer 8

She claimed styling was required in some occupations to build relationships with the customers (e.g hairdressing)

Question 9

What is styling? (Leidner)

Answer 9

It is small talk that helps build relationships

Question 10

What were the 3 types of power Wareing highlighted? (Occuptation)

Answer 10

Political - held by people in authority

Personal - based on occuptional and socital role (e.g manger is higher up)

Social - factors such as class, race, gender age

Question 11

What two parts did Ive’s and Rana divide power into?

Answer 11

Instrumental and influential power

Question 12

Who has intstremental power?

Answer 12

Those with ‘real’ social or occupational power (e.g employers, managers , Dr’s)

Question 13

What purpose does language have for people with instrumental power?

Answer 13

It is used to maintain or inforce their authority

Question 14

Who has influential power? (Ive’s and Rana)

Answer 14

People who’s power is persauding you (e.g sales men)

Question 15

What features of languge might someone with instrumental power use? (Ive’s and Rana]

Answer 15

Formal register
Modal verbs
Declaritives
Imperatives
Interogatives

Question 16

What features of language might be used by someone with Influental power?

Answer 16

Opinions as facts
Metaphors
Emotive language

Question 17

What is asymmetrical discourse?

Answer 17

When one party has more power than the other

Question 18

What did Drew and Heritage (1993) find about asymmetrical discourse in the work place?

Answer 18

He found assymetrical discourse between bosses and workers

Question 19

How will someone with power try to control the discourse? (asymmetrical discourse) (occupation)

Answer 19

Asking more questions

Controlling the topics

Controlling who speaks and when

Using less formal terms of adress for those less powerful than them

Question 20

How will someone with less power try to resist the powerful persons attempt to control the conversation (asymmetrical discourse)

Answer 20

Silence
Minimal responses
Attempting to keep their turn

Question 21

Why did people with instrumental power use synthetic personalisation, according to Fairclough? (1989)

Answer 21

They claimed that it allowed them to create a feeling of friendleness and to reinforce their power

Question 22

What did Brown and Levinson’s politeness in the workplace study find?

Answer 22

That all in the workplace used politeness however it was split into positive face and negative face

Question 23

Why was postive face politness used? (Brown and Levinson)

Answer 23

To make workers fell good
To come across as friendly

Question 24

Why was negative face politness used? (Brown and Levinson)

Answer 24

To applogise
To be indirect
Hedging to be less assertive

Question 25

What did Holmes find in her study into small talk in the workplace? (NZ)

Answer 25

She said managers used it carefully to create good relationships with their staff, whilst controlling it so it did not overtake work talk

Question 26

How is power increasingly being exerted according to N.g and Braddac?

Answer 26

In covert ways (e.g small talk, positive face politness)

Question 27

What does the shift from titles in the modern workplace suggest?

Answer 27

That mertocratic views have been accepted overtime

Question 28

What are inferential frameworks? (Drew and Heritage)

Answer 28

Where knowledge is built up over time and used in order to understand implicit meanings

E.g members of a discourse community will share the same frameworks , Dr’s, nurses etc

Question 29

Who is associated with assymetical discourse?

Answer 29

Drew and Heritage