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Biology > Diversity > Flashcards

Diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Human impact on biodiversity?

A
  • pollution
  • deforestation
  • intro to invasive species
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2
Q

Importance of biodiversity?

A
  • all organisms are interconnected and depend on eachother (symbiotic relationships)
  • stability and productivity in ecosystems
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3
Q

Factors used to determine biodiversity?

A

-# of individuals within each species
- variation within a specie
- variation of different species

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4
Q

Examples of membrane bound organelles?

A
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • golgi body
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5
Q

Compare euk vs pro cells (diff and sim)

A

euk:
- membrane bound organelles
- multicellular
- cells are larger
prok:
- no membrane bound organelles
- unicellular
- cells are smaller
similarities:
- genetic material
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane

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6
Q

Name the taxonomic levels in order

A

Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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7
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A
  • coccus (circular)
  • bacillus (rod)
  • spirillum (spiral)
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8
Q

Arrangement prefixes (bacteria)

A
  • diplo (pair)
  • chain (strepto)
  • clump (staphlo)
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9
Q

Bacteria’s unique structures

A
  • cellular respiration occurs in cell membrane (no mito)
  • pilus for conjugation
  • flagella for motion
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10
Q

Bacteria’s asexual reproduction

A

binary fission (mitosis)

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11
Q

Bacteria’s sexual reproduction

A
  • sexual conjugation where 2 bacteria make contact using a pilus
  • plasmid DNA then transfers from a donor to a recipient
  • recipient cell has new DNA resulting in sexual reproduction
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12
Q

Definition of cellular respiration

A

breakdown of food to make energy (ATP)

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13
Q

Three types of cellular respiration

A
  1. obligate anerobic (doesn’t require oxygen)
  2. obligate aerobic (requires oxygen)
  3. facultative anerobic (can use oxygen or not)
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14
Q

Where can archaebacteria be found?

A

extreme environments

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15
Q

Cellular respiration (photosynthesis) chemical formula

A

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen)
–sunlight–> 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + ATP (energy)

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16
Q

4 lytic cycle steps

A
  1. attach to host
  2. virus injects its genetic material in
  3. virus uses the host protists to replicate its genetic material and make more
  4. the new virus copies lyse (break open) the host cell)
17
Q

Describe the lysogenic cycle

A

similar to the lytic cycle but when the viral genetic material is inserted into the host cell, it becomes inserted into the host’s DNA.
- genetic material is copied when the bacterium divides and is passed onto all daughter cells
- genetic material becomes active when triggered by certain environmental factors

18
Q

Which life characteristics do viruses have?

A
  • reproduce
  • respond to their environment
  • evolve
19
Q

List 3 uses for viruses

A
  1. vaccines (using dead virus to cause an immune response without infection therefore quickly attacking virus preventing the chances of future infections)
  2. deliver medicine to target cells (chemotherapy)
  3. used to treat genetic disorders via genetic therapy
20
Q

List 3 uses of protists

A
  1. nori is the seaweed used to make sushi
  2. Phytoplankton are the oceans largest producers – lungs of the earth
  3. zooplankton are a food source for many marine organisms
21
Q

Protists endosymbiosis

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated from prokaryotes that were “engulfed” by another cell.

22
Q

Characteristics of fungi

A
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
23
Q

Define hyphae and mycelium

A
  • hyphae are long tubes of cytoplasm supported by a chitin cell wall
  • mycelium is a mesh-like network of hyphae
24
Q

Example of a symbiotic relationship in the fungi kingdom

A

Lichens
- fungi living with green algae
- autotrophs provide nutrients meanwhile fungi provides water, minerals, and protection

25
Q

Basic characteristics of plants

A
  • multicellular
  • asexual and sexual reproduction
  • autotrophs
  • eukaryotic
26
Q

Basic characteristics of animals

A
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophs
  • sexual reproduction
  • eukaryotic
27
Q

The 3 germ layers

A
  1. Ectoderm (outer (scales, skin, nails))
  2. Mesoderm (middle (body systems))
  3. Endoderm (inner (inner lining of gut))
28
Q

Do flatworms have/don’t have a coelom (body cavity)?

A

they do not

29
Q

____ have a partial/pseudocoelom

A

round worms

30
Q

Segmented worms have a ___ coelom

A

true

31
Q

What phylum does the sponge belong to?

A

Porifera

32
Q

What phylum does the jellyfish belong to?

A

Cnidaria

33
Q

What phylum does the flatworm belong to?

A

Platyhelminthes

34
Q

What phylum does the roundworm belong to?

A

Nematoda

35
Q

What phylum does the earth worm belong to?

A

Annelids

36
Q

What phylum does the oyster belong to?

A

Mollusca

37
Q

What phylum does the sea star belong to?

A

Echinodermata

38
Q

What phylum do insects belong to?

A

Arthropoda

39
Q

What phylum do we belong to?

A

Chordata

Biology (4 decks)

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