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XLDS AIR SUP QUESTIONS > DIVE MEDICINE > Flashcards

DIVE MEDICINE Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS HYPOXIA?

A

abnormal deficiency of o2 in the arterial blood.

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HYPOXIA? (5)

A 
1- improper line up
2- blockage of airway
3- breathholding
4- collapse lung (pneumothorax)
5- co poisoning
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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPOXIA? (5)

A 
1- CYANOSIS
2- loss of judgment/ concentration
3- drowsiness and weakness
4- aggitation and euphoria
5- unconsciousness
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4
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOXIA? (3)

A

1- 100% o2
2- switch to secondary air source
3- seek medical assistance

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5
Q

WHAT IS HYPERCAPNIA?

A

abnormal high carbon dioxide in the blood and tissue

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HYPERCAPNIA? (2)

A

1- skip breathing

2- inadequate ventilation

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPERCAPNIA? (8)

A

heavy work load, shortness of breath
confusion, headache, nausea
dizziness, loss of concentration and convulsions

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8
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERCAPNIA? (3)

A

1- 100% O2
2- VENTILATE
3- switch to secondary air source

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9
Q

WHAT IS IMERSION PULMONARY EDEMA?

A

imersion in water causing a leakage in the circulatory system and accumulate first in the interstitial tissues of the lungs.

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF IPE?

A

immersion in cold water, negative pressure breathing, over hydration.

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF IPE? (3)

A

coughing, shortness of breath.

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR IPE? (3)

A

100%o2
transport medical facility
24hr observation

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13
Q

WHAT IS CO POISONING?

A

abnormal high levels of carbon monoxide in blood caused by bad gas absorption. Co blocks hemoglobin ability to delivery o2 to the cells, causing cellular hypoxia. CAUSES : from compressor intake/ overhaul- suspect bad gas.

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14
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF CO POISONING? (5)

A 
1- tightness across the forehead
2- headache
3- nausea
4- bad taste in mouth
5- inability to concentrate
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15
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR CO POISONING? (3)

A

1- 100 o2
2- seek medical (hyperbaric treatment) or TT5
3- TT6 severe

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16
Q

WHAT’S THE PRE REC FOR BAROTRAUMA?

A

GRAVE

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ TREATMENT FOR A MIDDLE EAR SQUEEZE? (5)

A

1- SHARP pain in ear
2- vertigo, fullness in ear
3- hearing loss, bloody nose

TREATMENT:
ENT

18
Q

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS/ SYMPTOMS/ TREATMENT FOR IEB?

A 
1- NYSTAGMUS
2- persistent vertigo, hearing loss
3- tinnitus, nausea, vommitting
4- bubbling in ear, loss of balance/ concentration
5- painful w/ head position- PRESSURE.

CAUSES: mostly on descent/ surge/ surf
TREATMENT: ENT
- when in doubt to rule out AGE/ DCS, recompress SLOWLY w/ head position in upright, no BIBBS

19
Q

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS/ SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT FOR STAGGERS (INNER EAR DCS)?

A

1- NO NYSTAGMUS
2- difficulty walking, vomit, nausea
3- hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness

CAUSES: mostly on HE/O2 DIVES

20
Q

WHAT ARE MEDIAL STINAL AND SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA?

A

causes are from coughing or breath holding in ascent, or a blow to the chest.
SYMPTOMS:
1- MILD/ MODERATE CHEST pain behind breast bone.
2- DULL ache, coughing, tightness
3- RADIATE SHOULDER AND BACK
4- pain may increase upon inspiration
5- fullness around neck, voice change

TREATMENT:
100% O2
recompress only by discretion of DMO when ruled out PNEUMOTHORAX.

21
Q

WHAT IS PNEUMOTHORAX?

A 
SYMPTOMS:
1- SHARP/ SUDDEN PAIN
2- shortness of breath
3- laboured breathing 
4- weak pulse/ anxiety
5- guarded. 
6- CYANOSIS

2 TYPES:
SIMPLE (one time leakage)
TENSION: trapped in plural space (most serious)

TREATMENT:
100% O2
if AGE/DCS is suspect, may recompress tip depth of relief until thoracic cavity can be properly vented.

22
Q

WHAT IS CNS O2 TOXICITY?

A

VENTID C

TREATMENT:
ascend, off o2, switch to secondary air source

23
Q

What is DCS? TYPE 1: (not life threatning)

A

• usually on deeper or shallow- longer dives
• gradual or suden onset >:10
• most often diving w/o appropriate stop.
• SYMPTOMS:
o Shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, knee, ankle (joints)
o Pain, marbling, swelling
o May worsen when movement
o Can not pin point
• TREATMENT:
o 100% O2
o TT5 (if not severe)

24
Q

What is DCS TYPE II?

A

• NEUROLOGICAL/ INNER EAR (STAGGERS)/ CARDIO PULMONARY (CHOKES)
• SYMPTOMS:
o NEURO: numbness, tingling, prickling, PINS AND NEEDLES, creeping, electric sensation, paralysis, muscle weakness, mental status change, bizarre behavior
o STAGGERS: tinnitus, hearing loss, vomiting, nausea, NO NYSTAGMUS
o CHOKES: burning sensation in the chest upon deep inhalation.
• TREATMENT:
o 100% O2
o TT6/ TT6A – severe/ unchanged or worsen
• note:
o upon receiving treatment, no diving until after 30 days having no neurological deficit. If showing any signs after 30 days, patient needs a BUMED waiver.

25
Q

What are CHOKES?

A
  • chest pain aggravated and irritated by inhalation.

* Careful examination for signs of pneumothorax should be performed presenting shortness of breath.

26
Q

AFTER CARE - how many days FOR DCS AND AGE:

A
  • 7 days (DCS TYPE 1)
  • 30 days (DCS/ AGE) w/ dmo discretion
  • lidocaine for AGE, but not DCS
27
Q

What is HYPOGLYCEMIA?

A
  • low blood sugar, confusion, not coordinated, anxiety, loss of consciousness,
  • excessive sweating, HUNGRY, numbness, chills and trembling.
28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for SHOCK?

A
  • respiration low, eyes vacant, dialated,
  • CYANOSIS
  • Skin pale/ cold, blood pressure drop
  • Vomiting, thirsty
  • Pulse weak, rapid
  • TREATMENT:
    o GIVE NOTHING BY MOUTH!!!
    o Maintain breathing open airway
    o Control bleeding, administer 100 o2
    o Elevate (not head/ chest injuries)
    o Keep warm, laying down
29
Q

What is the normal respitory cycle rate?

A

• 12-18 breathes per min.

30
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

• 120/80 systolic/diastolic

31
Q

What is the normal body temperature?

A

• 98.6 degrees

32
Q

How many liters of blood does the body carry?

A

• 5 liters

33
Q

At what temperature will a diver start to become chill?

A

• 72 degrees

34
Q

Warm water temperature is?

A
  • 88 degrees

* Diving in water temp greater than 99 degrees should not be attempted after first contact NAVSEA OOC.

35
Q

what do you do for a PULSE LESS DIVER?

A

1- if no AED or DMO around, compress diver to 60’ in chamber.
2- if AED arrives w/in :20, bring diver up 30fpm and attempt to revive diver. If can not revive, DO NOT RECOMPRESS.

36
Q

what do you do for TREATMENT OF REOCCURRENCE?

A

1- if reoccurrence occurred 60fw, contact DMO and compress depth of relief NTE 165’ w/ patient off of o2, remain at depth :30. If more time needed consult DMO TT4.
3- if no need for more time, recompress TT6A

37
Q

what do you do when you have a bottom excess of table?

A

1- contact NEDU
2- DIVE MAN algorithm to compute
3- read deepest depth until depth is found that has a schedule equal or longer bottom schedules at various depths.
example: diver trapped
155/ :100
because 160’ table longest bt is :80, go to 170/:120

38
Q

what do you do when you have contaminated air?

A

1- check line up on console
2- re ventilate divers ::20
3- continue w/ decompression

39
Q

what do you do when you have DCS IN THE WATER?

A

1- predominant symptom are joint pain, more serious are numbness, weakness, hearing loss and vertigo.
- appear on shallower stops
- occur also during ascent to first stop or shortly after
- DMO should be sought whenever possible.
2- dispatch stby to assist
3- continue deco the other diver according to original schedule.
4- have diver descend 10’ down if significant relief is not obtained, descend another 10’ down.
5- remain at treatment depth :30 resume deco from treatment depth by multiplying subsequent air stop times by 1.5.
5- if recompression went deeper than first stop, insert intervening stops in 10’ increments betw/ treatment depths and original first stop equal to 1.5 times original first stop time.
6- if diver is undergoing treatment at 40’, return to surface by multiplying 30 and 20’ stop times by 1.5. if it doesn’t call for 30’ insert a 30’ stop time equal to 20 stop time.
7- if at 30’ return surface by x 20’ stop time by 1.5.
8- if diver surface symptoms free, place on o2, transport and TT5. (this maybe waived if in remote location)
9- if not symptom free, transport TT6.
10- if chamber is immediately available on dive station, dive sup may elect to forego treatment w/ in water recompression and surface diver for treatment in chamber. or treat diver in water for :30 to relieve symptoms, then surface diver for further treatment in chamber.
11- in either case, SI should be w/in :05, diver consider to be DCS Type II even if it’s type I.
12- after completion of treatment, observe for 6hrs, if reoccur treat as reoccurrence type II symptoms.

40
Q

if DIVER W/ DCS in water cannot remain in water?

A

1- surface diver @ 30fpm
2- if level 1 chamber available, recompress diver in chamber
3- if chamber not available, transport to nearest recompression chamber, treat as such TT6/ TT6A

41
Q

ALTITUDE DCS- JOINT PAIN

A

1- if only pain was present, but resolved BEFORE reaching 1 ATA from altitude, maybe treated w/ 2 hours of 100% o2 breathing at surface followed by 24hr observation.
2- After return of 1 ATA, other symptoms or joint pain- transport to chamber even if symptoms resolved during transport. 100% o2.

42
Q

FIRST AID BLEEDING:

A

1- apply direct pressure/ elevate

2- pressure points for :15

XLDS AIR SUP QUESTIONS (7 decks)

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