Diuretics Lecture Flashcards
Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work in the nephron?
proximal tubule
example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
acetazolamid (Diamox)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effects
decrease Na and HCO3 reabsorption; decreased H2O water absorption;
metabolic acidosis
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors causes metabolic ________
acidosis
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors help treat what?
acute mountain sickness; metabolic alkalosis; glaucoma; urinary alkalinization
For carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - a ______ moiety is required for activity
sulfamoyl
Contraindications for Acetazolamide
sulfa allergies and hepatic cirrhosis
Toxicities for Acetazolamide
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; Renal stones; renal potassium wasting; drowsiness/paresthesia
What is the idea of Renal Potassium Wasting
more Na lost/in urine so when it goes through the COLLECTING TUBULE - more Na is reabsorbed there which means more K+ is lost
Diuretics that act in loop of henle
furosemide; bumetanide; ethacrynic acid
what diuretic causes gynecomastia
spironolactone
what diuretic causes impotence
spironolactone
what diuretic causes benign prostatic hyperplasia
spironolactone
what diuretic causes hypertriglyceridemia
eplerenone
How does mannitol work?
its an osmotic diuretic; limits water reabsorption because sugar in the urine “holds” the water
which diuretic is used for acute intracranial situations?
mannitol
which diuretic is contraindicated with CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole)
eplerenone
which diuretic is used for glaucoma?
CAI
which diuretic is used for treating acute mountain sickness?
CAI
which diuretic is used for treating metabolic alkalosis?
CAI
Which drugs are contraindicated with a sulfa allergy?
acetazolamide; furosemide; bumetanide; thiazides
which diuretic is contraindicated with hepatic cirrhosis
acetazolamide
How do loop diuretics work?
work on the ascending limb by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl cotransporter - causes decrease reabsorption of Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca
(Ca and Mg because of K voltage ion charge)
Which diuretic can cause ototoxicity?
loop diuretic
where do thiazide drugs work?
distal convoluted tubule
which diuretic is known as the most efficacious?
loop diuretic
which diuretic is known as mild?
CAI
How do thiazide drugs work?
work in distal convoluted tubule by inhibited NaCl reabsorption
which diuretic causes impaired carbohydrate tolerance
thiazides
which diuretics work on the collecting tubule by inhibiting the Na channel
amiloride; triamterene
which diuretics are contraindicated with ACE inhibitors
ANY POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC - aka Amiloride; triamterene; spironolactone; eplerenone
what is spironolactone use to treat
HTN or CHF; Mineralcorticoid excess; aldosteronism
which diuretics are contraindicated with Potassium supplements
eplernone; spironolactone; triamterene; Amiloride
which diuretic has a bicyclic motif
thiazide
which diuretic is used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
thiazide
which diuretic can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus/a toxic consequence
demeclocycline
which drugs can cause hyperkalemia
spironolactone; eplereone; triamterene; amiloride
which diuretic can be used for acute hypercalcemia
loop diuretic
which diuretic can cause hypomagnesemia
loop diuretics
