Diuretics Lecture

Question 1

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work in the nephron?

Answer 1

proximal tubule

Question 2

example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 2

acetazolamid (Diamox)

Question 3

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effects

Answer 3

decrease Na and HCO3 reabsorption; decreased H2O water absorption;
metabolic acidosis

Question 4

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors causes metabolic ________

Answer 4

acidosis

Question 5

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors help treat what?

Answer 5

acute mountain sickness; metabolic alkalosis; glaucoma; urinary alkalinization

Question 6

For carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - a ______ moiety is required for activity

Answer 6

sulfamoyl

Question 7

Contraindications for Acetazolamide

Answer 7

sulfa allergies and hepatic cirrhosis

Question 8

Toxicities for Acetazolamide

Answer 8

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; Renal stones; renal potassium wasting; drowsiness/paresthesia

Question 9

What is the idea of Renal Potassium Wasting

Answer 9

more Na lost/in urine so when it goes through the COLLECTING TUBULE - more Na is reabsorbed there which means more K+ is lost

Question 10

Diuretics that act in loop of henle

Answer 10

furosemide; bumetanide; ethacrynic acid

Question 11

what diuretic causes gynecomastia

Answer 11

spironolactone

Question 12

what diuretic causes impotence

Answer 12

spironolactone

Question 13

what diuretic causes benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 13

spironolactone

Question 14

what diuretic causes hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 14

eplerenone

Question 15

How does mannitol work?

Answer 15

its an osmotic diuretic; limits water reabsorption because sugar in the urine “holds” the water

Question 16

which diuretic is used for acute intracranial situations?

Answer 16

mannitol

Question 17

which diuretic is contraindicated with CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole)

Answer 17

eplerenone

Question 18

which diuretic is used for glaucoma?

Answer 18

CAI

Question 19

which diuretic is used for treating acute mountain sickness?

Answer 19

CAI

Question 20

which diuretic is used for treating metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 20

CAI

Question 21

Which drugs are contraindicated with a sulfa allergy?

Answer 21

acetazolamide; furosemide; bumetanide; thiazides

Question 22

which diuretic is contraindicated with hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 22

acetazolamide

Question 23

How do loop diuretics work?

Answer 23

work on the ascending limb by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl cotransporter - causes decrease reabsorption of Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca
(Ca and Mg because of K voltage ion charge)

Question 24

Which diuretic can cause ototoxicity?

Answer 24

loop diuretic

Question 25

where do thiazide drugs work?

Answer 25

distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

which diuretic is known as the most efficacious?

Answer 26

loop diuretic

Question 27

which diuretic is known as mild?

Answer 27

CAI

Question 28

How do thiazide drugs work?

Answer 28

work in distal convoluted tubule by inhibited NaCl reabsorption

Question 29

which diuretic causes impaired carbohydrate tolerance

Answer 29

thiazides

Question 30

which diuretics work on the collecting tubule by inhibiting the Na channel

Answer 30

amiloride; triamterene

Question 31

which diuretics are contraindicated with ACE inhibitors

Answer 31

ANY POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC - aka Amiloride; triamterene; spironolactone; eplerenone

Question 32

what is spironolactone use to treat

Answer 32

HTN or CHF; Mineralcorticoid excess; aldosteronism

Question 33

which diuretics are contraindicated with Potassium supplements

Answer 33

eplernone; spironolactone; triamterene; Amiloride

Question 34

which diuretic has a bicyclic motif

Answer 34

thiazide

Question 35

which diuretic is used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 35

thiazide

Question 36

which diuretic can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus/a toxic consequence

Answer 36

demeclocycline

Question 37

which drugs can cause hyperkalemia

Answer 37

spironolactone; eplereone; triamterene; amiloride

Question 38

which diuretic can be used for acute hypercalcemia

Answer 38

loop diuretic

Question 39

which diuretic can cause hypomagnesemia

Answer 39

loop diuretics