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Therapeutics I - Spring 2017 > Diuretics Lecture > Flashcards

Diuretics Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work in the nephron?

A

proximal tubule

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2
Q

example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

acetazolamid (Diamox)

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3
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effects

A

decrease Na and HCO3 reabsorption; decreased H2O water absorption;
metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors causes metabolic ________

A

acidosis

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5
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors help treat what?

A

acute mountain sickness; metabolic alkalosis; glaucoma; urinary alkalinization

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6
Q

For carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - a ______ moiety is required for activity

A

sulfamoyl

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7
Q

Contraindications for Acetazolamide

A

sulfa allergies and hepatic cirrhosis

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8
Q

Toxicities for Acetazolamide

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; Renal stones; renal potassium wasting; drowsiness/paresthesia

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9
Q

What is the idea of Renal Potassium Wasting

A

more Na lost/in urine so when it goes through the COLLECTING TUBULE - more Na is reabsorbed there which means more K+ is lost

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10
Q

Diuretics that act in loop of henle

A

furosemide; bumetanide; ethacrynic acid

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11
Q

what diuretic causes gynecomastia

A

spironolactone

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12
Q

what diuretic causes impotence

A

spironolactone

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13
Q

what diuretic causes benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

spironolactone

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14
Q

what diuretic causes hypertriglyceridemia

A

eplerenone

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15
Q

How does mannitol work?

A

its an osmotic diuretic; limits water reabsorption because sugar in the urine “holds” the water

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16
Q

which diuretic is used for acute intracranial situations?

A

mannitol

17
Q

which diuretic is contraindicated with CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole)

A

eplerenone

18
Q

which diuretic is used for glaucoma?

A

CAI

19
Q

which diuretic is used for treating acute mountain sickness?

A

CAI

20
Q

which diuretic is used for treating metabolic alkalosis?

A

CAI

21
Q

Which drugs are contraindicated with a sulfa allergy?

A

acetazolamide; furosemide; bumetanide; thiazides

22
Q

which diuretic is contraindicated with hepatic cirrhosis

A

acetazolamide

23
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A

work on the ascending limb by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl cotransporter - causes decrease reabsorption of Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca
(Ca and Mg because of K voltage ion charge)

24
Q

Which diuretic can cause ototoxicity?

A

loop diuretic

25
Q

where do thiazide drugs work?

A

distal convoluted tubule

26
Q

which diuretic is known as the most efficacious?

A

loop diuretic

27
Q

which diuretic is known as mild?

A

CAI

28
Q

How do thiazide drugs work?

A

work in distal convoluted tubule by inhibited NaCl reabsorption

29
Q

which diuretic causes impaired carbohydrate tolerance

A

thiazides

30
Q

which diuretics work on the collecting tubule by inhibiting the Na channel

A

amiloride; triamterene

31
Q

which diuretics are contraindicated with ACE inhibitors

A

ANY POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC - aka Amiloride; triamterene; spironolactone; eplerenone

32
Q

what is spironolactone use to treat

A

HTN or CHF; Mineralcorticoid excess; aldosteronism

33
Q

which diuretics are contraindicated with Potassium supplements

A

eplernone; spironolactone; triamterene; Amiloride

34
Q

which diuretic has a bicyclic motif

A

thiazide

35
Q

which diuretic is used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

thiazide

36
Q

which diuretic can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus/a toxic consequence

A

demeclocycline

37
Q

which drugs can cause hyperkalemia

A

spironolactone; eplereone; triamterene; amiloride

38
Q

which diuretic can be used for acute hypercalcemia

A

loop diuretic

39
Q

which diuretic can cause hypomagnesemia

A

loop diuretics

Therapeutics I - Spring 2017 (17 decks)

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