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Therapeutics I - Spring 2017 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Ointment Properties:

Advantages

A

Hydrates
Removes Scales
Greatest bioavailability of active ingredient

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2
Q

Ointment Properties:

Disadvantages

A

Greasy

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3
Q

Ointment Properties:

Preferred Area of Use

A

smooth skin w/ short or sparse hair

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4
Q

4 main properties of Ointments

A
  • occlusive
  • Humectant
  • Emollient
  • Protective
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5
Q

What does occlusive mean? (in terms of ointments)

A

promoting retention of water in the skin

creates hydrophobic barrier that prevents moisture in the skin from evaporating

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6
Q

What does humectant mean? (in terms of ointments)

A

causes water to be retained b/c of hygroscopic properties (aka attracts water)

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7
Q

what does emollient mean? (in terms of ointments)

A

softens skin/soothes irritation

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8
Q

4 classes of Ointments

A
  • hydrocarbon
  • absorption
  • water-removable
  • water-soluble
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9
Q

Creams/Lotions are ointment bases of the ____________ class

A

water removable

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10
Q

T or F: Creams are more hydrating than ointments

A

FALSE

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11
Q

Advantage of a Cream

A
  • good cosmetic appearance/high pt acceptance
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12
Q

Lotions/Solns/Sprays can be easy applied to ________ areas/_______

A

hairy; scalp

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Lotions/Solns/Sprays

A

DRYING; Lower bioavailability

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14
Q

Advantages of Gels

A
  • Non greasy
  • good for hairy areas
  • high pt acceptance
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15
Q

Disadvantages of Gels

A

drying

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16
Q

Oleganious Bases:

absorb water - yes or no?

A

No! (they do NOT absorb water)

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17
Q

Oleganious Bases:

water washable - yes or no?

A

No! (they are NOT water washable)

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18
Q

Examples of Oleganious Bases

A

WHITE PETROLATUM

vaseline/plastibase

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19
Q

Absorption Bases:

absorb water - yes or no?

A

Yes! (like several times its weight in water)

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20
Q

Absorption Bases:

water washable - yes or no?

A

Nope

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21
Q

Water in Oil or Oil in Water Emulsion Bases

- which one IS WATER WASHABLE

A

Oil in water…

22
Q

Which kind of base has “minimal therapeutic effect” - and then why would we even use it?

A

Water soluble base (Ex: polyethylene glycol ointment)

we can use it for DRUG DELIVERY

23
Q

3 main drug induced skin disorders

A
  • photosensitivity
  • hypersensitivity/allergic rxn
  • Toxic Rxns (SKS, TEN, or Erythema Multiforme)
24
Q

How to treat Adverse Drug Rxns (4 things)

A

1 - stop the drug..
2 - systemic antihistamines
3 - Systemic or topical corticosteroids
4 - Soothing baths or soaks

25
Q

To prevent a photosensitivity reaction - use sunscreen/clothing - what SPF tho?

A

SPF 30 or greater!

26
Q

If you did a bad job prevent a photosensitivity reaction - how should it be treated

A
  • systemic analgesics
  • Systemic antihistamines for itching
  • Prevent infection/Moisturizers
  • Cooling creams/gels aka ALOE
27
Q

Underlying Mechanism behind drug induced skin disorders

A

drug protein complex leads to T cell activation –> dermis –> cytokines released

28
Q

Common Drugs Assoc. w/ SJS/TEN

A
  • Abx (sulfonamides, cephalosproins, penicllins, fluoroquinolones)
  • ANTICONVULSANTS
  • Allopurinol
  • NSAIDs
29
Q

Features of SJS/TEN

  • Usually occurs within the first ________ of treatment
  • will have flu-like symptoms
  • involvement of ________ membranes
  • widespread ________ & _______
A

4 weeks; mucous; blisters; lesions

30
Q 
How to treat SJS/TEN:
stop \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
IV  \_\_\_\_\_\_
pain control
nasal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
wound care/anesthetics/antiseptics
A

offending agent; fluids/nutrition; saline (to keep membranes moist)

31
Q

Refer or Treat?

Cellulitis

A

refer - deep infection

32
Q

how to treat cellulitis

A

antibiotics (oral normally, IV if severe)

33
Q

Refer or Treat?

Impetigo

A

Refer to PCP

34
Q

how to treat Impetigo

A

topical or oral abx

35
Q

impetgio is a __________ skin infection

A

topical staph

36
Q

List the agents that can be used to stop itching

A
  • menthol/camphor
  • pramoxine
  • aluminum acetate
  • hydrocortisone
37
Q

Sig/Directions for Topical Corticosteroids

A

apply BID - QID 3 - 14 days

38
Q

Corticosteroids are graded on strength:
Grades I - VII
(which one is stronger)

A

Grade I

39
Q

Side effects of topical corticosteroids

A
  • thinning of skin
  • dilated blood vessels
  • bruising
  • skin color changes
40
Q

Should you put high potency topical corticosteroids on the face

A

hell nah

41
Q

Do not use super potent topical corticosteroids on the skin for > ______

A

2 weeks

42
Q

Topical calcineurin inhibitor MOA:

A

blocks pro-inflammatory cytokine genes

43
Q

Where can topical calcineurin inhibitor be used

A

anywhere

44
Q

Topical calcineurin inhibitors are considered ____ line tx

A

2nd

45
Q

Topical calcineurin inhibitor are for _________ use only

A

intermittent

46
Q

what is the first biologic indicated for mod-severe AD

A

Dupilumab/Dupixent

47
Q

what is statis dermatitis

A

itchy skin that occurs from poor circulation - - will see some aching, swelling, and discomfort

48
Q

how to treat statis dermatitis

A

topical corticosteroids or emollients

49
Q

seborrhic dermatitis - what is it

A

erythema w/ greasy and yellow scaling - usually by hairline/scalp/nose/neck

is itchy

50
Q

Seborrhic dermatitis in infants is called _________

A

cradle cap

51
Q

how to treat craddle cap

A
  • baby oil to soften

- baby shampoo

52
Q

Treatment options for seborrhic dermatitis

A

medicated shampoo - selenium, ketoconazole, and pyrithione zinc

try OTC 1st – should remove scales
then try topical corticosteroids

Therapeutics I - Spring 2017 (17 decks)

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