CKD and ESRD Lecture Flashcards
Major causes of CKD
Diabetes; HTN; Glomerulonephritis
KDIGO definition of CKD
abnormalities of kidney structure present for more than 3 months with implications of health
KDIGO classifies CKD by what categories?
Cause, GFR, and albuminuria cateogry
What level does GFR have to be at to be considered CKD
GFR has to be below 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2
Kidney Failure has a GFR of _____ and has the category name of ____
< 15; G5
Albuminuria levels for CKD
normal - mild < 30
moderate: 30 - 300
severe: > 300
(units: mg/24 hours)
Normal GFR level
above 90 mL/min/1.73 m^2
Cockroft Gault Equation is an equation for what?
finding CrCl
What is the Cockroft Gault equation
If male: CrCl =
(140 - age) IBW/ (SCr x 72)
If female - same thing but x .85
Cockroft gault formula tends to _______ renal function in moderate to severe kidney impairment
overestimate
MDRD is used for what?
measure GFR and it is used to stage kidney disease
Components of MDRD equation
Age; Sex; Race
What does MDRD stand for
modification of Diet in renal disease
IBW equations
male: 50 kg + (2.3 x inches of 60 in)
Female: 45.5 + (2.3 x inches of 60 in)
Main functions of Kidney
- excrete waste products
- regulates body’s concentration of water and salt
- maintain acid balance of plasma
- secrete hormones
- synthesize calcitriol
What waste products does the kidney get rid of from the blood
urea, ammonia, bilirubin, uric acid
If the kidney cannot get rid of waste products - the waste products build up and cause
UREMIA: increase in BUN; pruritis; confusion; nausea; vomiting; anorexia
If the body cant regulate the bodys water and salt concentrations - what happens
edema; fluid overload; CV complications
what happens if the kidney cant maintain acid balance of plasma
metabolic acidosis - because it CANT EXCRETE H+ ions
what hormones does the kidney secrete
erythropoeitin, rennin, PGAs
what happens if the kidneys cant secrete hormones
Anemia - erythropoeitin is needed to make RBCs
What happens if the kidney cant make synthesize calcitriol
mineral and bone disorder/ increased levels of PTH
another name for calcitriol
active form of Vit.D
Common effects of Uremia
- Uremic fetor (urine breath)
- encephalopathy (confusion)
- Uremic frost (uric acid crystals on skin)
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Edema
- Mineral and bone disorder
- Anemia