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MOD 1 Quiz 1 > Diuretics: DS > Flashcards

Diuretics: DS Flashcards

Monday 8/5

1
Q

Where in the nephron do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?

A

PCT

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2
Q

what do CAI inhibit?

A

Carbonic anhydrase (enzyme)

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3
Q

how does CAI effect reabsorption or secretion of ions?

A

Increase excretion of HCO3, Na, and K

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4
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

acetazolamide
dorzolamide
brinzolamide
metazolamide

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5
Q

Loop diuretics?

A

furosemide
torsemide
bumetanide
ethancrynic acid

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6
Q

Thiazide diuretics?

A 
hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide
chlorthalidone
metolazone
chlorothiazide
methyclothiazide
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7
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Trametere
Amiloride
Spironolactone
Eplerenone

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8
Q

Acid/Base disorder caused by CA inhibitors?

A

Hypercholermic metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

Acid/Base disorder caused by Loop diuretics?

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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10
Q

Acid/Base disorder caused by Potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalemic Metabolic Acidosis

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11
Q

Acid/Base disorder caused by Thaizide diuretics?

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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12
Q

how do thiazides effect reabsorption or secretion of ions?

A

increase K, CL, and Na excretion

increase Ca reabsorbtion

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13
Q

how does loops effect reabsorption or secretion of ions?

A

increase Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and K excretion

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14
Q

how does K sparing effect reabsorption or secretion of ions

A

Increase Na excretion

Increase K reabsorption

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15
Q

Which diuretics cause alkalosis?

A

Loops and thiazides

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16
Q

Which diuretics cause hypokalemia?

A

Loops and thiazides

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17
Q

Which diuretics cause hyperkalemia?

A

k sparing

18
Q

Overproduction of aldosterone does what?

A

lose K- hypokalemia
Lose H- Metabolic alkalosis
Retain Na- hypertension
Heart- increased risk of CV disease

19
Q

Determine between secondary or primary aldosteronism?

A

look at renin levels
an increase renin means secondary from decrease effective circulating blood volume, from splanchnic vasodilation, portal hypertension, cirrhosis

a decrease in renin is primary aldosteronism, increase in aldosterone from adenoma, cause increase in BP,etc

20
Q

Treat primary aldosteronism?

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

21
Q

Important with acetazolamide?

A

getting rid of bicarb

22
Q

Difference between ethacrynic acid and furosemide?

A

Furosemide- sulfonamide derivative

Ethacrynic acid- ototoxicity

23
Q

Effect do loops and thiazides have on serum K and pH?

A

can cause hypokalemia

can cause metabolic alkalosis

24
Q

Important with loop diuretics?

A

very potent diuretics, lose Ca

25
Q

Important about thiazide diuretics?

A

moderately potent diuretics

retain Ca

26
Q

Why might a patient taking spironolactone complain of painful, enlarged breasts?

A

Spironolactone blocks androgen receptors on breast tissue

27
Q

What else can spironolactone be used for as treatment in women?

A

Acne, Hirsutism, Polycystic ovary syndrome

28
Q

Side effect of sprionolactone on women?

A

menstrual irregularities

29
Q

Why does eplerenone have a low incidence of gynecomastia?

A

it doesn’t block the androgen receptors

30
Q

What do loop diuretics inhibit?

A

Na/K/2Cl NKCC2 in the TAL

31
Q

How potent are loop diuretics?

A

most potent (0.5 to 15-25% Na)

32
Q

What do thiazides do?

A

inhibit Na/Cl NCC channel in the DCT

33
Q

How potent are thiazides?

A

Moderate potency (from 0.5% to 5% Na)

34
Q

How do K sparing diuretics work?

A

Antagonize aldosterone in the collecting tubules

35
Q

How potent are K sparing diuretics?

A

least potent (from 0.5% to 2-3% Na)

36
Q

Clinical uses of CAI?

A

Glaucoma
urinary alkalinization
metabolic alkalosis
acute mountain syndrome

37
Q

Clinical uses of thiazides?

A

Hypertension
heart failure
nephrolithiasis
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

38
Q

Clin use of loops?

A

hyperkalemia
acute renal failure
anion overdose
Heart failure

39
Q

Clin use of aldosterone antagonists?

A 
mineralcorticoids excess
hyperaldosteronism
Conn's syndrome (primary)
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
reduce albuminuria in diabetic patients
40
Q

side effects with loop and thiazides?

A

hyperkalemic metabolic alkalosis
allergic rxns
hyponatremia

MOD 1 Quiz 1 (15 decks)

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