Diuretics: DS

Question 1

Where in the nephron do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?

Answer 1

PCT

Question 2

what do CAI inhibit?

Answer 2

Carbonic anhydrase (enzyme)

Question 3

how does CAI effect reabsorption or secretion of ions?

Answer 3

Increase excretion of HCO3, Na, and K

Question 4

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 4

acetazolamide
dorzolamide
brinzolamide
metazolamide

Question 5

Loop diuretics?

Answer 5

furosemide
torsemide
bumetanide
ethancrynic acid

Question 6

Thiazide diuretics?

Answer 6

hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide
chlorthalidone
metolazone
chlorothiazide
methyclothiazide

Question 7

Potassium sparing diuretics?

Answer 7

Trametere
Amiloride
Spironolactone
Eplerenone

Question 8

Acid/Base disorder caused by CA inhibitors?

Answer 8

Hypercholermic metabolic acidosis

Question 9

Acid/Base disorder caused by Loop diuretics?

Answer 9

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

Acid/Base disorder caused by Potassium sparing diuretics?

Answer 10

Hyperkalemic Metabolic Acidosis

Question 11

Acid/Base disorder caused by Thaizide diuretics?

Answer 11

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 12

how do thiazides effect reabsorption or secretion of ions?

Answer 12

increase K, CL, and Na excretion

increase Ca reabsorbtion

Question 13

how does loops effect reabsorption or secretion of ions?

Answer 13

increase Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and K excretion

Question 14

how does K sparing effect reabsorption or secretion of ions

Answer 14

Increase Na excretion

Increase K reabsorption

Question 15

Which diuretics cause alkalosis?

Answer 15

Loops and thiazides

Question 16

Which diuretics cause hypokalemia?

Answer 16

Loops and thiazides

Question 17

Which diuretics cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 17

k sparing

Question 18

Overproduction of aldosterone does what?

Answer 18

lose K- hypokalemia
Lose H- Metabolic alkalosis
Retain Na- hypertension
Heart- increased risk of CV disease

Question 19

Determine between secondary or primary aldosteronism?

Answer 19

look at renin levels
an increase renin means secondary from decrease effective circulating blood volume, from splanchnic vasodilation, portal hypertension, cirrhosis

a decrease in renin is primary aldosteronism, increase in aldosterone from adenoma, cause increase in BP,etc

Question 20

Treat primary aldosteronism?

Answer 20

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

Question 21

Important with acetazolamide?

Answer 21

getting rid of bicarb

Question 22

Difference between ethacrynic acid and furosemide?

Answer 22

Furosemide- sulfonamide derivative

Ethacrynic acid- ototoxicity

Question 23

Effect do loops and thiazides have on serum K and pH?

Answer 23

can cause hypokalemia

can cause metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

Important with loop diuretics?

Answer 24

very potent diuretics, lose Ca

Question 25

Important about thiazide diuretics?

Answer 25

moderately potent diuretics | retain Ca

Question 26

Why might a patient taking spironolactone complain of painful, enlarged breasts?

Answer 26

Spironolactone blocks androgen receptors on breast tissue

Question 27

What else can spironolactone be used for as treatment in women?

Answer 27

Acne, Hirsutism, Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 28

Side effect of sprionolactone on women?

Answer 28

menstrual irregularities

Question 29

Why does eplerenone have a low incidence of gynecomastia?

Answer 29

it doesn't block the androgen receptors

Question 30

What do loop diuretics inhibit?

Answer 30

Na/K/2Cl NKCC2 in the TAL

Question 31

How potent are loop diuretics?

Answer 31

most potent (0.5 to 15-25% Na)

Question 32

What do thiazides do?

Answer 32

inhibit Na/Cl NCC channel in the DCT

Question 33

How potent are thiazides?

Answer 33

Moderate potency (from 0.5% to 5% Na)

Question 34

How do K sparing diuretics work?

Answer 34

Antagonize aldosterone in the collecting tubules

Question 35

How potent are K sparing diuretics?

Answer 35

least potent (from 0.5% to 2-3% Na)

Question 36

Clinical uses of CAI?

Answer 36

Glaucoma urinary alkalinization metabolic alkalosis acute mountain syndrome

Question 37

Clinical uses of thiazides?

Answer 37

Hypertension heart failure nephrolithiasis nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 38

Clin use of loops?

Answer 38

hyperkalemia acute renal failure anion overdose Heart failure

Question 39

Clin use of aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 39

``` mineralcorticoids excess hyperaldosteronism Conn's syndrome (primary) Secondary Hyperaldosteronism reduce albuminuria in diabetic patients ```

Question 40

side effects with loop and thiazides?

Answer 40

hyperkalemic metabolic alkalosis allergic rxns hyponatremia