Cardiovascular Autonomic Review Pharmacology

Question 1

Name the sympathetic receptors involved in controlling blood pressure and heart rate?

Answer 1

Alpha

beta

Question 2

Name the cation responsible for muscle contaction?

Answer 2

Calcium

Question 3

Calcium enters a cardiac myocyte via what channel?

Answer 3

L type Ca channel

Question 4

After entering a cardiac myocyte what does Calcium do?

Answer 4

Cause the Sarcoplam reticulum to open its ca channels and release more calcium from its stores to cause contraction

Question 5

What causes the Ca channel to open in the first place to let Ca into the cardiac myocyte?

Answer 5

Action potential (depolarization)

Question 6

How does beta 1 receptor cause contraction?

Answer 6

When NE binds to the receptor it causes through Gs (g protein) to activate PKA to activate cGMP to phosphorylate L type Ca channel and open it to begin the process of contraction

Question 7

Does NE have a negative or positive inotropic effect?

Answer 7

pos

Question 8

Pharmacologically decrease ventricular inotropy (contraction)?

Answer 8

block beta 1 receptors

block calcium receptors

Question 9

what causes phase 0 or conduction velocity of the action potential in the AV node?

Answer 9

Calcium influx

Question 10

How does beta 1 influence AV node?

Answer 10

same way as a cardiac myocyte

Gs to PKA to cGMP to phosphorylate L type calcium channel

Question 11

effect of NE on conduction velocity of AV node?

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

What would a higher conduction velocity do to an AP slope?

Answer 12

make it steeper, get to threshold quicker

Question 13

Pharmacologically decrease AV conduction?

Answer 13

block beta 1 receptors

block Calcium channels

Question 14

Use a beta block for 2nd degree AV block?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

Beta 1 receptor cause what effects?

Answer 15

Heart= Increase HR, increase force of contraction

Kidney= renin release

Question 16

Beta 2 receptor cause what effects?

Answer 16

smooth muscle= relaxation

liver= glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

Question 17

Beta 3 recptor causes what effects?

Answer 17

Adipose tissue= lipolysis

Question 18

What is dobutamine?

Answer 18

beta 1 selective agonist

Question 19

what is metoprolol?

Answer 19

beta blocker

Question 20

renin play in blood pressure? (RAAS)

Answer 20

Ang II increases BP

Aldosterone increases BP

Question 21

Inititates contraction in vascular smooth msucle?

Answer 21

NE activates alpha 1 receptor
activates Gq- IP3- open ca channels in SR to release calcium into the cell in addition to Ca enter cell via L type calcium channels

Question 22

contaction of vascular smooth m does what to PVR?

Answer 22

increase it

Question 23

Pharmacologically decrease smooth m contractility?

Answer 23

block alpha 1

block calcium channel

Question 24

Alpha 1 receptor causes?

Answer 24

smooth muscle
blood vessel- constrict
urinary bladder/ prostate- contract trigone, retention
iris- conract radial m, dilation

Question 25

What is phenylephrine?

Answer 25

alpha agonist

Question 26

Autonomic control in the SA node?

Answer 26

sympathetic- NE increases HR

parasympathetic- Ach decrease HR

Question 27

Effects on body from a beta blocker?

Answer 27

Heart decrease rate
Lungs bronchoconstriction 
skeletal muscle stop essential tremor
eye decrease aqueous humor production
liver decrease gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis

Question 28

What type of effects would you see when a person takes an alpha blocker?

Answer 28

Arteries and veins- vasodilate
Heart- reflex tachy
Eye- pupilary constrict

Question 29

Ach increases or decreases heart rate?

Answer 29

decreases