Diuretics: Ch. 2.2- Loop

Question 1

Aldosterone causes ____ and ____ excretion.

Answer 1

• potassium
• H+

Question 2

What is the major solute resorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Answer 2

NaCl

Question 3

This drug blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter on the luminal side of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

• reduces NaCl resorption –> water excreted .

Answer 3

• furosemide
• ethacrynic acid

Question 4

Parathyroid hormone induces?

Answer 4

renal reabsorption of Ca++

Question 5

Furosemide is what kind of drug? (class)

Answer 5

a sulfa drug

Question 6

Which diuretics act upon the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Answer 6

loop diuretics

Question 7

____ induce the expression of COX-2, synthesizing prostaglandins that enhance salt excretion and dilate the afferent arteriole.

Answer 7

Loop diuretics

Question 8

How does furosemide work?

Answer 8

• blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter on the luminal side of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  
  • reduces NaCl resorption –> water excreted

Question 9

Loop diuretics promote the excretion of what 2 ions?

Answer 9

• Mg++
• Ca++

Question 10

What part of the nephron is the “diluting segment”?

Answer 10

the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 11

What are the most efficacious diuretics available?

Answer 11

loop diuretics

Question 12

Where do loop diuretics act upon in the nephron?

Answer 12

the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 13

Name 2 loop diuretics.

Answer 13

1. furosemide
2. ethacrynic acid

Question 14

Loop diuretics induce the expression of ______, synthesizing prostaglandins that enhance salt excretion and dilate the afferent arteriole.

Answer 14

COX-2

Question 15

Loop diuretics induce the expression of COX-2, synthesizing _____ that enhance salt excretion and dilate the afferent arteriole.

Answer 15

prostaglandins

Question 16

What does interstitial nephritis look like on histology?

Answer 16

little blue cells

Question 17

Loop diuretics can cause what serum potassium change?

Answer 17

hypokalemia

Question 18

Which ions are normally reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 18

• Na+
• K+
• Cl-

Question 19

Loop diuretics can cause gouty arthritis. How?

Answer 19

they cause hyperuricemia bc of enhanced resorption of uric acid in hypovolemia

Question 20

Loop diuretics induce the expression of COX-2, synthesizing prostaglandins that enhance salt excretion and _____ the afferent arteriole.

Answer 20

dilate

Question 21

Vitamin D stimulates what?

Answer 21

intestinal reabsorption of Ca++

Question 22

What acid-base disturbance do loop diuretics cause?

Answer 22

metabolic alkalosis

Question 23

_____ can sometimes cause reversible ototoxicity.

Answer 23

Loop diuretics

Question 24

How does ethacrynic acid work?

Answer 24

• blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter on the luminal side of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  
  • reduces NaCl resorption –> water excreted

Question 25

Which loop diuretic can be given to pts allergic to sulfa drugs?

Answer 25

ethacrynic acid

Question 26

What shape are uric acid crystals?

Answer 26

needle-shaped

Question 27

Loop diuretics can cause what kind of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 27

interstitial nephritis

Question 28

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Answer 28

the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 29

What kind of diuretic is furosemide?

Answer 29

a loop diuretic

Question 30

Loop diuretics induce the expression of COX-2, synthesizing prostaglandins that enhance ______ and dilate the afferent arteriole.

Answer 30

salt excretion

Question 31

Loop diuretics are potassium ______.

Answer 31

wasting