3.2: 1a HTN and HTN emergencies

Question 1

What is fenoldapam?

Answer 1

a selective dopamine-1 agonist

Question 2

Stimulation of dopamine receptors in the kidneys causes _____.

Answer 2

increased excretion of Na+ and water

Question 3

What are the ADRs for hydralazine? How is this avoided?

Answer 3

• hypotension, fainting
• reflex tachycardia
• drug-induced lupus
• ***co-administer a beta-blocker

Question 4

What is hydralazine?

Answer 4

• a smooth muscle relaxant

Question 5

Name a selective dopamine-1 agonist that can be used in HTN emergency. How does it work?

Answer 5

• fenoldapam
• increased cAMP –> arterial, coronary, and renal artery dilation

Question 6

Name 2 dihydropyridine Ca++ blockers used in HTN emergency.

Answer 6

1. nicardipine
2. clevidipine

• ***IV

Question 7

What is nitroprusside metabolized to?

Answer 7

cyanide

Question 8

What are the 1st line drugs for 1a (essential) HTN?

Answer 8

• thiazide diuretics (HCTZ/chlorthaladone)
• ACE-inhibitors/ARBs
• Ca++ channel blockers

Question 9

How do ARBs work?

Answer 9

directly inhibit angiotensin

Question 10

Name a tx for HTN emergency that is safe in pregnancy.

Answer 10

hydralazine

Question 11

Name 5 agents used in HTN emergency.

Answer 11

1. hydralazine (Ca++ channel blocker)
2. nitroprusside (nitrates)
3. fenoldopam (dopamine agonist)
4. beta-blockers
5. labetolol (alpha-beta antagonist)

Question 12

Name a nitrate that can be used in HTN emergency.

Answer 12

nitroprusside

Question 13

Which agent improves renal perfusion while lowering BP?

Answer 13

fenoldapam

Question 14

Name 2 beta-blockers used to treat HTN emergency.

Answer 14

1. esmolol
2. metoprolol

• ***IV

Question 15

Name an alpha-and-beta-antagonist used to treat HTN emergency.

Answer 15

labetolol

Question 16

NO –> increased ____ –> smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 16

cyclic GMP