Diuretics, Antilipemic and Coag's Flashcards
diuretics are classified according to their sites of action within the nephron and what
structure and potency
The most potent diuretics
the loop diuretics
Loop, mannitol, metolazone (a thiazide-like diuretic), the thiazides, and the potassium-sparing diuretics are the order of
potency
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and Thiazides are chemical derivatives
sulfonamide antibiotics
The carbonic anhydrase system in the kidney is site where most reabsorption occurs
2/3
an undesirable effect of CAIs is elevation
glucose and glucosuria in diabetic’s
glaucoma, edema, and HIGH ALTITUDE SICKNESS can be treated with what diuretic?
CAIs
ACIDOSIS and hypokalemia, as well as drowsiness, anorexia, paresthesias, hematuria, urticaria, photosensitivity, and melena are adverse effects of
CAIs
Using CAIs can cause hypokalemia esp when used with
digoxin and corticosteroids
CAIs end “azolamide” and 2 examples are
Ace (for secondary edema due to HF)
Meth
azolamide ending must mean the drug is a
CAI
CAIs prevent the exchange of
protons, sodium and water so they are excreted along with postassium and bicarbonate
The metabolic acidosis associated with CAIs may stimulate what
respiratory system
Name 4 loop diuretics
BEFT
bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, and torsemide
Loop diuretics have effects on the…
renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic
blocking chloride and, secondarily, sodium resorption is the job of
Loop diuretics, They are also thought to activate renal prostaglandins, which results in dilatation of the blood vessels of the kidneys, the lungs, and the rest of the body.
edema associated with heart failure and hepatic or renal disease, hypertension, and to increase the renal excretion of calcium in patients with hypercalcemia
indications for loop diuretics
Loop diuretics have rapid onset but may have an adverse effect
electrolytes loss ( hearing loss with prolonged use) and dehydration
To prevent hypokalemia, patients often receive this with loops
potassium supplements
the only osmotic mentioned and given via IV
mannitol, non absorb-able so pull water in for rapid release
may induce vasodilation and in doing so increases both glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow, making it an excellent drug for preventing kidney damage during acute renal failure.
It also reduce intracranial pressure and cerebral edema resulting from head trauma and may be tried when elevated intraocular pressure is unresponsive to other drug therapies.
mannitol
what diuretic is NOT indicated for peripheral edema
mannitol
The currently available potassium-sparing diuretics are
amiloride, spironolactone, and triamterene.
Another name for potassium-sparing diuretics
aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics
