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Pharmacology > Diuretics, Antilipemic and Coag's > Flashcards

Diuretics, Antilipemic and Coag's Flashcards

1
Q

diuretics are classified according to their sites of action within the nephron and what

A

structure and potency

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2
Q

The most potent diuretics

A

the loop diuretics

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3
Q

Loop, mannitol, metolazone (a thiazide-like diuretic), the thiazides, and the potassium-sparing diuretics are the order of

A

potency

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4
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and Thiazides are chemical derivatives

A

sulfonamide antibiotics

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5
Q

The carbonic anhydrase system in the kidney is site where most reabsorption occurs

A

2/3

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6
Q

an undesirable effect of CAIs is elevation

A

glucose and glucosuria in diabetic’s

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7
Q

glaucoma, edema, and HIGH ALTITUDE SICKNESS can be treated with what diuretic?

A

CAIs

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8
Q

ACIDOSIS and hypokalemia, as well as drowsiness, anorexia, paresthesias, hematuria, urticaria, photosensitivity, and melena are adverse effects of

A

CAIs

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9
Q

Using CAIs can cause hypokalemia esp when used with

A

digoxin and corticosteroids

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10
Q

CAIs end “azolamide” and 2 examples are

A

Ace (for secondary edema due to HF)

Meth

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11
Q

azolamide ending must mean the drug is a

A

CAI

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12
Q

CAIs prevent the exchange of

A

protons, sodium and water so they are excreted along with postassium and bicarbonate

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13
Q

The metabolic acidosis associated with CAIs may stimulate what

A

respiratory system

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14
Q

Name 4 loop diuretics

BEFT

A

bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, and torsemide

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15
Q

Loop diuretics have effects on the…

A

renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic

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16
Q

blocking chloride and, secondarily, sodium resorption is the job of

A

Loop diuretics, They are also thought to activate renal prostaglandins, which results in dilatation of the blood vessels of the kidneys, the lungs, and the rest of the body.

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17
Q

edema associated with heart failure and hepatic or renal disease, hypertension, and to increase the renal excretion of calcium in patients with hypercalcemia

A

indications for loop diuretics

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18
Q

Loop diuretics have rapid onset but may have an adverse effect

A

electrolytes loss ( hearing loss with prolonged use) and dehydration

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19
Q

To prevent hypokalemia, patients often receive this with loops

A

potassium supplements

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20
Q

the only osmotic mentioned and given via IV

A

mannitol, non absorb-able so pull water in for rapid release

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21
Q

may induce vasodilation and in doing so increases both glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow, making it an excellent drug for preventing kidney damage during acute renal failure.

It also reduce intracranial pressure and cerebral edema resulting from head trauma and may be tried when elevated intraocular pressure is unresponsive to other drug therapies.

A

mannitol

22
Q

what diuretic is NOT indicated for peripheral edema

A

mannitol

23
Q

The currently available potassium-sparing diuretics are

A

amiloride, spironolactone, and triamterene.

24
Q

Another name for potassium-sparing diuretics

A

aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics

25
Q

Spironolactone is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone, and for this reason it causes

A

sodium and water to be excreted while potassium is retained so hyperkalemia may result

26
Q

Spironolactone and triamterene are used to treat

A

hyperaldosteronism and hypertension and to reverse the potassium loss caused by the potassium-wasting (e.g., loop, thiazide) diuretics and heart failure

27
Q

Various clinical trials have demonstrated a cardioprotective benefit of… to prevent remodeling

A

spironolactone due to aldosterone-inhibiting activity.

28
Q

amiloride is useful for

A

HF

29
Q

The potassium-sparing diuretics are relatively weak comparatively speakiing.

When diuresis is needed, they are generally used as adjuncts to thiazide treatment. This combination is beneficial in two respects. First, the drugs have synergistic diuretic effects; second, the two drugs counteract the adverse metabolic effects of one another. The thiazide diuretics cause potassium, magnesium, and chloride to be lost in the urine, and the potassium-sparing diuretics counteract this by elevating the potassium and chloride levels.

A

thiazide treatment. This combination is beneficial in two respects. First, the drugs have synergistic and counteract the adverse metabolic effects

30
Q

chlorothiazide, trichlormethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are

A

thiazides, Hydro most common

31
Q

chlorthalidone, indapamide, and metolazone are

A

The thiazide-like diuretics

32
Q

As RENAL FX decreases, the efficacy of thiazides diminishes because delivery of the drug to the site of activity is impaired.

A

diminishes because delivery of the drug to the site of activity is impaired.

33
Q

edema of various origins
idiopathic HYPERCALCIURIA diabetes insipidus
hypertension

A

The thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

34
Q

Theese can be used as adjunct drugs in the management of heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis. corticosteroid and estrogen therapy are reasons tx with

A

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

35
Q

What diuretic has the symptom hyperkalemia

A

P-S

36
Q

Name the antilipemics

A

HMG-CoA , Bile acid S, Niacin, Fibric acid D, cholesterol absorption inhibitor and combination drugs

37
Q

What inhibit the action of HMG-CoA, an enzyme needed by the liver to make cholesterol

A

Statins

38
Q

Niacin (all around good stuff), aspirin needed to reduce flushing (prostaglandin release)… GI and Pruitis also present

A

B3, nicotinic acid (increase good, overall lipase)

39
Q

the only cholesterol absorption inhibitor

A

ezetimibe (zetia)

40
Q

Bile acid S and resin prevent re absorption of

A

bile acids which are needed to make cholesterol useful as type II hyperlipoproteinemia

41
Q

Fibric Acid D (FIBs) are

A

gemfibrozil and fenofibrate

42
Q

Fibric acids are concerned with

A

triglycerides mainly and increase HDL using lipase and suppresion of fatty acid release

43
Q

cholesttyramine and coleseveiam

colestipol are THE COLES

A

Bile acid S

44
Q

Thrombolytic drugs

A

lyse clots

45
Q

Hemostatic or antifibrinolytic

A

promote blood coagulation

46
Q

Anticoags’ on clot

A

no effect, prevention intention

47
Q

Heparin aPPT (fast onset) may induce

A

thrombocytopenia

48
Q

protamine sulfate reverse the effect of

A

heparin

49
Q

Low molecular weight heparins are predictable lower maintenance.. 2 drugs end in

A

eparin

50
Q

If toxicity of warfin occur

A

vitamin K pt and INR are useful

51
Q

Thrombolytic drugs end in

A

kinase/plase

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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