Antihypertensives

Question 1

The most important risk factor for stroke and heart failure, and it is also a major risk factor for renal failure and peripheral vascular disease et. al

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

If the cause of hypertension is unknown, it may be called

Answer 2

essential, idiopathic, or primary hypertension, comprising 90% of cases.

Question 3

pheochromocytoma, preeclampsia of pregnancy, renal artery disease, sleep apnea, thyroid disease, or parathyroid disease or the use of certain medications are causes of

Answer 3

secondary hypertension

Question 4

If untreated, hypertension can cause damage to end organs such as

Answer 4

The heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.

Question 5

What are the seven main categories of drugs used to treat hypertension

Answer 5

diuretics, adrenergic drugs, vasodilators, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and direct renin inhibitors

Question 6

There are five drug subcategories of adrenergic antihypertensive drugs which act…

Answer 6

central action (in the brain) or peripheral action (at the heart and blood vessels).

Question 7

adrenergic neuron blockers act

Answer 7

central and peripheral

Question 8

alpha2-receptor agonists act

Answer 8

centrally

Question 9

the alpha1-receptor blockers act

Answer 9

peripheral

Question 10

the beta-receptor blockers act

Answer 10

peripheral

Question 11

the combination alpha1- and beta-receptor blockers

Answer 11

peripheral

Question 12

The centrally acting adrenergic drugs work by stimulating

Answer 12

the alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the brain to inhibit NE and decrease renin.

Question 13

Renin is the hormone and enzyme that converts the protein precursor

Answer 13

angiotensinogen