Diuretics

Question 1

CA inhibitors

Answer 1

Acetazolamide (typical)
Dichlorophenamide (more potent)
Methazolamide (more potet)
Dorzolamide (topical for ocular use)

Question 2

CA inhibitor AE and contra

Answer 2

metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia
calcium phosphate stones (increased urine pH)
drowsiness, paresthesis and hypersensitivity rxns (sulfa drug

contra= Cirrhosis

Question 3

CA indications

Answer 3

weak diuretic: used in glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, and prophlaxis of mountain sickness

Question 4

Mannitol MOA

Answer 4

osmotic diuretics

Question 5

Mannitol AE

Answer 5

increased plasma osmolarity: causin edema, CHF, ect

Question 6

Mannitol indications

Answer 6

to increaseurine volume, glaucoma, reduce intracranial pressure

Question 7

Loop Diuretics

Answer 7

Furosamide (typical)
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid: last resort… worse nephron and ototoxicity

Question 8

Loop diuretics MOA

Answer 8

block NA/ K/2Cl cotransporter in thick ascending loop

Question 9

Loop diuretics AE

Answer 9

hyponatremia/kalemia/ magneseemia
metabolic alkalosis
hyperglycemia
OTOTOXICITY
hypersensitivity

Question 10

Loop diuretics indications

Answer 10

hypertension, CHF, pulmonary edema

Question 11

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 11

hydrochlorothiazide- typical
chlorothiazide
metolazone
indapamide
chlorothalidone

Question 12

Thiazide MOA

Answer 12

block Na/Cl transporter in distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

Thiazide AE

Answer 13

hyponatremia and hypokalemia
hyperuricemia/ glycemia/ lipidemia
weakness, fat, hypersensitivity

Question 14

Spironolactone MOA

Answer 14

POTASSIUM SPARING

inhibitor of aldosterone receptor

Question 15

Spironolactone AE

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis
gynecomastia, amenorrhea, impotensce, decreased libido (decrecreased T)
also some CNS and GI effects

Question 16

Interactions of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 16

don’t use in cases of hyperkalemia or situations where patient at risk for hyperkalemia: DIABETICS, RENAL disease, ACE INHIBITORS

Question 17

Eplerenone

Answer 17

aldosterone binding drug like spironolactone…but no sexual SE

Question 18

Amiloride Moa

Answer 18

POTASIUM SPARING

blocks NA channel in principle cells

Question 19

Amiloride AE

Answer 19

hyperkalemia!

GI, muscle, and CNS effects

Question 20

Triamterene

Answer 20

same as amiloride..just more potent (potassium sparing, blocking NA channel in principle cells

Question 21

ADH antagonists

Answer 21

Tolvaptan (actually used)
Demeclocycline
Lithium
note: don’t really affect electrolyte balance