Diuretics

Question 1

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 1

chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide

Question 2

diuretics given how

Answer 2

orally

Question 3

diuretics therapeutic index

Answer 3

high (safe)

Question 4

diuretics mechanism

Answer 4

inhibit Na transport out of the distal convoluted tubule. H2O follows and both are excreted in the urine

Question 5

diuretics other effects

Answer 5

these agents cause diruct vasodilation. often the initial drugs of choice for treating hypertension. they decrease excretion of Ca. cause Ca retention

Question 6

diuretics side effects

Answer 6

hypokalemia, increase serum LDL and triglycerides, decrease uric acid secretion (gout) inhibit insulin seretion, contains sulfur (may cause allergic rxns)

Question 7

hypokalemia

Answer 7

loss of potassium due to Na/K exchanger

Question 8

loop or high ceiling diuretics

Answer 8

furosemid, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torsemide

Question 9

loop diuretics given how

Answer 9

orally or paranterally

Question 10

loop mech.

Answer 10

inhibit Na and Cl resorption from the ascending loop of Henle

Question 11

loop clinical use

Answer 11

in patients who don’t respond to thiaides. patients with impared renal function. in patients with life threatening edema…if someones poisoned you want them to pee it out.

Question 12

loop side effects

Answer 12

dehydration, hyperkalemia (it sends more Na to the exchanger - often used with K supplements or k sparing diuretics) increased Ca excretion (hypercalcemia) decreased uric acid secretion, cause auditory nerve damage (especially if used with other ototoxic agents)

Question 13

potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 13

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride

Question 14

potassium sparing - aldosterone antagonists

Answer 14

spironolactone, eplerenone. by blocking aldosterone receptor, can prevent synthesis of the Na/k exchanger. takes seceral days. used with other diuretics to prevent loss of K. used to treat excess aldosterone activity. can cause hypercalcemia

Question 15

potassium sparing - inhibitors of Na transport in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Answer 15

triamterene, amiloride. prevent Na from getting into the exchanger by blockng the NA channel. effect more rapid and predictable than spironolactone and eplerenone. Side effect: hyperkalemia

Question 16

spironolactone

Answer 16

K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist. Steroid. can have an anti androgen effect

Question 17

eplerenone

Answer 17

k sparig diuretic, aldosterone antagonist. have fewere interactions with other steroid receptors.

Question 18

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 18

acetazolamide. inhibits HCO3 resoprtion in pro. conv. tubule. not used primarily as a diuretic.

Question 19

osmotic diuretic

Answer 19

mannitol.

Question 20

osmotic diuretic given how

Answer 20

IV. non-metabolized sugar.

Question 21

osmotic diuretic mech

Answer 21

remains in tubule. draws water into tubule and is excreted with the water.

Question 22

osmotic diuretic used for

Answer 22

to maintain urine flow after renal damage/trauma, lower intercranial pressure.

Question 23

Methylxanthines

Answer 23

caffeine - increases glumerular filtration rate

Question 24

Ethanol

Answer 24

decreases release of ADH