Antihypertensive Agents Flashcards
prehypertension
120/80 - 139/89
stage 1 hypertension
140/90
stage hypertension
180/110
hypertension urgency
220/110
Secondary hypertension
hypertension caused by another medical complication.
primary or essential hypertension
cause is unkown
malignant hypertension
comes on suddenly. 220/120
What does renin do?
converts angio-tensinogen to angiotensin I
what converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
renin
What does angiotensin converting enyme (ACE) do
converts angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II leads to
Aldosteron which leads to Na retention, vasoconstriction
what does bradykinin do
dilates arteries, decreases BP, causes capillary leakage (edema), activates sensory nerves (pain, itching)
Treatment of hypertension
behavior modification, decrease fluid colume, drugs
How do drugs treat hypertension
interrupt normal BP control, do not cure hypertension but must be taken for life
How do you decrease fluid volume for treating hypertension
decrease Na in diet, diuretics - thiazides plus k sparing diuretics.
The central alpha 2 agonists
alpha - methyl DOPA, clonidine,
alpha - methyl DOPA
gets into CNS, central alpha 2 agonist, prodrug metabolized to alpha methyl NE which stimulates alpha 2 receptors
Side effects of alpha - methyl DOPA
depression, drowsiness, dry mouth, impaired ejeculation, hepatic dysfunction
clonidine
central alpha 2 agonist
side effects of alpha-methyl DOPA
depression, drowsiness, impaired ejeculation
unlabled uses for clonidine
fibromyalgia, insomnia, tretment of touretts, treat opiate withdrawl
Agents that have central and peripheral effects
propranolol, reserpine, alpha methyl tyrosine
propranolol
non specific beta blocker, has central and peripheral effects
alpha methyl tyrosine
acts on central and peripheral, inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase - prevents synthesis of NE and E used to treat pheocromacytoma
