Diuretics Flashcards
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor- Name of drug
Acetazolamide
CA Inhibitor- Mechanism & site of action
Proximal convoluted tubule
Inhibits CA. Decreased ability to exchange Na+ for H+
CA Inibitor- Indications
Glaucoma
Altitude sickness
Nephrotoxicity
CA Inhibitor- Contraindications
Metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia
Osmotic diuretics- name of drug
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretics- mechanism and site of action
Descending loop of henle
Does not affect Na+, carries H2O through osmosis
Osmotic diuretics- Indications
Intracranial pressure
Drug toxicity
Renal failure
Osmotic diuretis- contraindications
extracellular H2O expansion
dehydration
Thiazides- Names of drugs
Hydrochlorothyazide
Chlorthalidone
Thiazides- Mechanism and site of action
Distal convoluted tubule
Inhibit Na+ Cl- transporter
Loss of K+ & Mg+
Decreased Ca+ excretion, decreased PV pressure
Thiazides- Indications
HTN
heart failure
hypercalciuria
DM-1
Thiazides- contraindications
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hyperuricemia Hypercalcemia Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia
Loop diuretics- Names
Furosemide
ethycryic acid
Loop diurecs- Site & mechanism of action
Ascending loop
Inhibit cotransport of Na+/K+/Cl-
Decrease renal vascular resistance
Increase prostaglandin synthesis
Loop diuretics- Indications
Pulmpnary edema
heart failure
hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics- Contraindications
ototoxicity
hypovolemia, decreased BP
hyperuricemia- gout
decreased K+ and Mg+
Potassium sparing- name
Spironolactone
Potassium sparing- site and mech of action
Collecting duct
Inhibit Na+ reabsorbtion
Aldosterone antagonist
Potassium sparing- indicaitons
diuretics
hyperaldoseronism
heart failure
ascites
Potassium sparing- side effects
gastric upset
gynecomastia
dizziness
hyperkalemia
Volume depletion
Too much diuretic- orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
Azotemia
Excess nitrogen in blood- result of volume depletion
Hypokalemia
Loss of K+- loop diuretics and thiazides
Cause cardiac arrythmias
Hyperkalemia
Excess K+- spironolactone- aldosterone inhibitors
Hyperuricemia
Thiazides and loop diuretics decrease renal secretion of uric acid- gout
Hyponatremia
Secondary volume depleteion- hypotension causes excess ADH & thrist- results in increased drinking-> hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Thiazides- impaired release of insulin
Hypomagnesemia
Loop diuretics- corrected with oral supplementation
