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Pharm II > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor- Name of drug

A

Acetazolamide

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2
Q

CA Inhibitor- Mechanism & site of action

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Inhibits CA. Decreased ability to exchange Na+ for H+

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3
Q

CA Inibitor- Indications

A

Glaucoma
Altitude sickness
Nephrotoxicity

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4
Q

CA Inhibitor- Contraindications

A

Metabolic acidosis

hypokalemia

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5
Q

Osmotic diuretics- name of drug

A

Mannitol

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6
Q

Osmotic diuretics- mechanism and site of action

A

Descending loop of henle

Does not affect Na+, carries H2O through osmosis

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7
Q

Osmotic diuretics- Indications

A

Intracranial pressure
Drug toxicity
Renal failure

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8
Q

Osmotic diuretis- contraindications

A

extracellular H2O expansion

dehydration

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9
Q

Thiazides- Names of drugs

A

Hydrochlorothyazide

Chlorthalidone

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10
Q

Thiazides- Mechanism and site of action

A

Distal convoluted tubule
Inhibit Na+ Cl- transporter
Loss of K+ & Mg+
Decreased Ca+ excretion, decreased PV pressure

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11
Q

Thiazides- Indications

A

HTN
heart failure
hypercalciuria
DM-1

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12
Q

Thiazides- contraindications

A 
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
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13
Q

Loop diuretics- Names

A

Furosemide

ethycryic acid

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14
Q

Loop diurecs- Site & mechanism of action

A

Ascending loop
Inhibit cotransport of Na+/K+/Cl-
Decrease renal vascular resistance
Increase prostaglandin synthesis

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15
Q

Loop diuretics- Indications

A

Pulmpnary edema
heart failure
hypercalcemia

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16
Q

Loop diuretics- Contraindications

A

ototoxicity
hypovolemia, decreased BP
hyperuricemia- gout
decreased K+ and Mg+

17
Q

Potassium sparing- name

A

Spironolactone

18
Q

Potassium sparing- site and mech of action

A

Collecting duct
Inhibit Na+ reabsorbtion
Aldosterone antagonist

19
Q

Potassium sparing- indicaitons

A

diuretics
hyperaldoseronism
heart failure
ascites

20
Q

Potassium sparing- side effects

A

gastric upset
gynecomastia
dizziness
hyperkalemia

21
Q

Volume depletion

A

Too much diuretic- orthostatic hypotension, dizziness

22
Q

Azotemia

A

Excess nitrogen in blood- result of volume depletion

23
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Loss of K+- loop diuretics and thiazides

Cause cardiac arrythmias

24
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess K+- spironolactone- aldosterone inhibitors

25
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Thiazides and loop diuretics decrease renal secretion of uric acid- gout

26
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Secondary volume depleteion- hypotension causes excess ADH & thrist- results in increased drinking-> hyponatremia

27
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Thiazides- impaired release of insulin

28
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Loop diuretics- corrected with oral supplementation

Pharm II (5 decks)

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