Diuretics

Question 1

loop diuretics MOA

Answer 1

act on loop of henle

block reabsorption of NA & Cl –> prevents reabsorption of water –> excretes both

Question 2

loop diuretics uses

Answer 2

HTN
edema

Question 3

loop diuretics adverse effects

Answer 3

ototoxicity
GI upset
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypochloremia
dehydration
gout
hyperglycemia
hypotension
blood dyscrasias
dizziness and HA
rash

Question 4

loop diuretics interactions

Answer 4

digoxin
lithium
ototoxic drugs
anti-HTN
licorice
corticosteroids
NSAIDs

Question 5

osmotic diuretics MOA

Answer 5

produce osmotic pressure that inhibits passive reabsorption of water = inc. urine flow

Question 6

Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) adverse effects

Answer 6

heart failure
edema/pulmonary edema
F&E imbalance

Question 7

Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) uses

Answer 7

prophylaxis of renal failure
reduces IOP and ICP

Question 8

Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) special considerations

Answer 8

can inc. risk of lithium toxicity

IV:
filtered needle and tubing
observe for crystals
want 30-50 mL/hr urine output

Question 9

potassium-sparing diuretics MOA

Answer 9

modest inc. in urine production and dec. in potassium excretion

Question 10

Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic) MOA

Answer 10

blocks the action of aldosterone in the distal nephron

Question 11

Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic) uses

Answer 11

HTN, edema
heart failure
PMS/PCOS
acne
primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 12

Spironolactone (potassium-sparing diuretic) adverse effects

Answer 12

hyperkalemia
endocrine effects (male breasts, menstrual irregularities)
black box: tumors

Question 13

Triamterene (potassium-sparing diuretic) MOA

Answer 13

directly inhibits exchange process of NA, K in distal tubule

acts quicker

Question 14

Triamterene (potassium-sparing diuretic) adverse effects

Answer 14

hyperkalemia
leg cramps
dizziness
N/V

Question 15

Triamterene (potassium-sparing diuretic) uses

Answer 15

HTN
edema

Question 16

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics MOA

Answer 16

inc. renal excretion of water, NA, K, Cl

Question 17

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics uses

Answer 17

HTN
edema
diabetes indipidus

Question 18

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics adverse effects

Answer 18

hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypochloremia
dehydration
gout
hyperglycemia

Question 19

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics interactions

Answer 19

lithium
digoxin
anti-HTN
NSAIDs

Question 20

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics special considerations

Answer 20

less affection with poor renal function