Anti-Hypertensives

Question 1

Preload

Answer 1

amount of tension applied to the muscle before contracting

Question 2

Afterload

Answer 2

arterial pressure

Question 3

Clonidine (alpha 2 adrenergic) adverse effects

Answer 3

Dizzy
Drowsy
Dry mouth

Question 4

Clonidine (alpha 2 adrenergic) uses

Answer 4

HTN, ADHD, severe pain

smoking cessation, opioid withdrawal, Tourettes

Question 5

Doxazosin (adrenergic alpha blocker) adverse effects

Answer 5

reflex tachycardia
nasal congestion
orthostatic hypotension
ED
1st dose effect

Question 6

Metoprolol (adrenergic beta 1 blocker) adverse effects

Answer 6

dec. HR
dec. conduction
dec. contractility

lethargy
fatigue
depression

Question 7

Metoprolol (adrenergic beta 1 blocker) indication

Answer 7

safer for diabetic and respiratory patients

Question 8

Carvedilol (adrenergic alpha and beta blocker) uses

Answer 8

heart failure
HTN
angina

Question 9

calcium channel blockers adverse effects

Answer 9

bradycardia or reflex tachycardia
peripheral edema
constipation
hypotension

Question 10

calcium channel blockers MOA

Answer 10

blocks calcium channels in blood vessels = causes vasodilation in arterioles = dec. afterload

Question 11

calcium channel blockers interactions

Answer 11

digoxin
beta blockers
grapefruit juice

Question 12

calcium channel blockers uses

Answer 12

HTN
angina
cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 13

verapamil and diltiazem (calcium channel blockers) adverse effect

Answer 13

bradycardia

Question 14

-pines (calcium channel blockers) adverse effect

Answer 14

reflex tachycardia

Question 15

ACE inhibitors MOA

Answer 15

reduce levels of angiotensin II (so… dec. aldosterone) and increase levels of bradykinin

Question 16

ACE inhibitors ending

Answer 16

-pril

Question 17

ACE inhibitors uses

Answer 17

HTN
heart failure
nephropathy
high risk CV patients

Question 18

ACE inhibitors adverse effects

Answer 18

hyperkalemia
dry hacking cough
neutropenia
angioedema
rash
1st dose effect

Question 19

ACE inhibitors interactions

Answer 19

lithium
other anti-HTNs
diuretics
NSAIDs
drugs that inc. K levels
ETOH

Question 20

ARB ending

Answer 20

-sartan

Question 21

ARB uses

Answer 21

HTN
heart failure
diabetic nephropathy
stroke prevention
prevent mortality after MI

Question 22

ARB adverse effects

Answer 22

hyperkalemia
renal failure
angioedema

Question 23

ARB interactions

Answer 23

lithium
other anti-HTNs
diuretics
NSAIDs
drugs that inc. K levels
ETOH

Question 24

ARB MOA

Answer 24

block the actions of Angiotensin II

Question 25

Direct Acting Vasodilators MOA

Answer 25

cause direct vasodilation of arteries and veins

Question 26

Hydralazine (Direct Acting Vasodilator) MOA

Answer 26

selective dilation of arterioles dec. afterload

Question 27

Hydralazine (Direct Acting Vasodilator) uses

Answer 27

HTN crisis heart failure essential HTN

Question 28

Hydralazine (Direct Acting Vasodilator) adverse effects

Answer 28

lupus-like symptoms reflex tachycardia hypotension fluid retention

Question 29

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) MOA

Answer 29

arterial and venous dilation

Question 30

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) special considerations

Answer 30

IV: protect from light -- bag fresh solution don't mix with other drugs black box: only admin with dextrose 5% in water

Question 31

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) adverse effects

Answer 31

bradycardia inc. cranial pressure hypotension HA

Question 32

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) use

Answer 32

severe HTN crisis

Question 33

Aldosterone Antagonist MOA

Answer 33

blocks receptos for aldosterone

Question 34

Aldosterone Antagonist uses

Answer 34

HTN heart failure

Question 35

Aldosterone Antagonist adverse effects

Answer 35

hyperkalemia

Question 36

Aldosterone Antagonist interactions

Answer 36

drugs that inc. K levels lithium NSAIDs grapefruit juice salt substitutes

Question 37

Direct Renin Inhibitor MOA

Answer 37

act on renin to inhibit the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin I

Question 38

Direct Renin Inhibitor use

Answer 38

HTN

Question 39

Direct Renin Inhibitor adverse effects

Answer 39

hyperkalemia diarrhea cough angioedema

Question 40

Direct Renin Inhibitor interactions

Answer 40

potassium drugs avoid high fat foods grapefruit juice