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Pharmacology > Anti-Hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti-Hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Preload

A

amount of tension applied to the muscle before contracting

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2
Q

Afterload

A

arterial pressure

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3
Q

Clonidine (alpha 2 adrenergic) adverse effects

A

Dizzy
Drowsy
Dry mouth

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4
Q

Clonidine (alpha 2 adrenergic) uses

A

HTN, ADHD, severe pain

smoking cessation, opioid withdrawal, Tourettes

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5
Q

Doxazosin (adrenergic alpha blocker) adverse effects

A

reflex tachycardia
nasal congestion
orthostatic hypotension
ED
1st dose effect

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6
Q

Metoprolol (adrenergic beta 1 blocker) adverse effects

A

dec. HR
dec. conduction
dec. contractility

lethargy
fatigue
depression

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7
Q

Metoprolol (adrenergic beta 1 blocker) indication

A

safer for diabetic and respiratory patients

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8
Q

Carvedilol (adrenergic alpha and beta blocker) uses

A

heart failure
HTN
angina

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9
Q

calcium channel blockers adverse effects

A

bradycardia or reflex tachycardia
peripheral edema
constipation
hypotension

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10
Q

calcium channel blockers MOA

A

blocks calcium channels in blood vessels = causes vasodilation in arterioles = dec. afterload

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11
Q

calcium channel blockers interactions

A

digoxin
beta blockers
grapefruit juice

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12
Q

calcium channel blockers uses

A

HTN
angina
cardiac dysrhythmias

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13
Q

verapamil and diltiazem (calcium channel blockers) adverse effect

A

bradycardia

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14
Q

-pines (calcium channel blockers) adverse effect

A

reflex tachycardia

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15
Q

ACE inhibitors MOA

A

reduce levels of angiotensin II (so… dec. aldosterone) and increase levels of bradykinin

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16
Q

ACE inhibitors ending

A

-pril

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17
Q

ACE inhibitors uses

A

HTN
heart failure
nephropathy
high risk CV patients

18
Q

ACE inhibitors adverse effects

A

hyperkalemia
dry hacking cough
neutropenia
angioedema
rash
1st dose effect

19
Q

ACE inhibitors interactions

A

lithium
other anti-HTNs
diuretics
NSAIDs
drugs that inc. K levels
ETOH

20
Q

ARB ending

A

-sartan

21
Q

ARB uses

A

HTN
heart failure
diabetic nephropathy
stroke prevention
prevent mortality after MI

22
Q

ARB adverse effects

A

hyperkalemia
renal failure
angioedema

23
Q

ARB interactions

A

lithium
other anti-HTNs
diuretics
NSAIDs
drugs that inc. K levels
ETOH

24
Q

ARB MOA

A

block the actions of Angiotensin II

25
Q

Direct Acting Vasodilators MOA

A

cause direct vasodilation of arteries and veins

26
Q

Hydralazine (Direct Acting Vasodilator) MOA

A

selective dilation of arterioles
dec. afterload

27
Q

Hydralazine (Direct Acting Vasodilator) uses

A

HTN crisis
heart failure
essential HTN

28
Q

Hydralazine (Direct Acting Vasodilator) adverse effects

A

lupus-like symptoms
reflex tachycardia
hypotension
fluid retention

29
Q

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) MOA

A

arterial and venous dilation

30
Q

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) special considerations

A

IV:
protect from light – bag
fresh solution
don’t mix with other drugs

black box: only admin with dextrose 5% in water

31
Q

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) adverse effects

A

bradycardia
inc. cranial pressure
hypotension
HA

32
Q

Nipride (Direct Acting Vasodilator) use

A

severe HTN crisis

33
Q

Aldosterone Antagonist MOA

A

blocks receptos for aldosterone

34
Q

Aldosterone Antagonist uses

A

HTN
heart failure

35
Q

Aldosterone Antagonist adverse effects

A

hyperkalemia

36
Q

Aldosterone Antagonist interactions

A

drugs that inc. K levels
lithium
NSAIDs
grapefruit juice
salt substitutes

37
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor MOA

A

act on renin to inhibit the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin I

38
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor use

A

HTN

39
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor adverse effects

A

hyperkalemia
diarrhea
cough
angioedema

40
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor interactions

A

potassium drugs
avoid high fat foods
grapefruit juice

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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