Diuretics

Question 1

osmotic diuretics (mannitol)

Answer 1

target: sites of sodium reabsorption in nephrons
works on the entire tubular system
only diuretic to work in the proximal tubule
effect: osmotic effet drawing water into filtrate along with sodium

Question 2

loop diuretics (furosemide)

Answer 2

most commonly used due to high ceiling
site of action: thick ascending tubule 
can inhibit up to 25% of sodium
mechanism: inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter in ascending loop of Henle 
strong kaliuretic - excretes pottasium

Question 3

Thiazides

Answer 3

act in the distal tubule
only keeps 7% of sodium from being reabsorbed
mechanism: inhibits Na+/Cl- symporter
effects: natriuresis and diuresis

Question 4

K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 4

acts on the late distal tubule
only 3% of sodium
mechanism: prevents sodium from being exchanged with K+ in urine