DIT II: Neurology Flashcards
Which areas of the hypothalamus regulate the autonomic nervous system?
Anterior hypothalamus: parasympathetic nervous system
Posterior hypothalamus: sympathetic nervous system
What brain structure is responsible for extra ocular movements during REM sleep?
PPRF: paramedian pontine reticular formation
Exit for CN I
Cribiform plate
Exit for CN II
Optic canal
Exit for CN III and IV
Superior orbital fissure
Exit for branches of CN V
CN V1: superior orbital fissure
CN V2: foramen rotundum
CN V3: foramen ovale
“Standing Room Only”
Exit for CN VI
Superior orbital fissure
Exit for CN VII and VIII
Internal acoustic meatus
Exit for CN IX, X, and XI
Jugular foramen
Exit for CN XII
Hypoglossal canal
Cranial nerves running through cavernous sinus
CN III, IV, VI, V1, and V2
Functions of superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles
Superior oblique: Moves eye down and out, also twists inward
Inferior oblique: moves eye up and out
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei located in the midbrain
CN III and IV
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei located in the pons
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
Which cranial nerves have their nuclei located in the medulla
CN IX, X, XII
Which cranial nerve has its nucleus located in the spinal cord
CN XI
What is the function of the reticular activating system
Sleep/wake transitions, arousal
Name the vagal nuclei (3)
Nucleus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus
Function of nucleus solitarius
CN VII, IX, X
Visceral sensory info: taste, baroreceptors, gut distension
Function of nucleus ambiguus
CN IX, X, XI
Motor innerv of pharynx, larynx, upper esoph
Swallowing, palate elevation
Function of dorsal motor nucleus
CN X
Autonomic PNS to heart, larynx, upper GI
Possible neuro deficits in infection of cavernous sinus
Ophthalmoplegia, hyper/hypoaesthesia in distributions of CN v1 and v2
Muscles of mastication (4)
Closes jaw: temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
Opens jaw: lateral pterygoid
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bell’s palsy
Suggests stroke if doesn’t involve forehead
Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
Horner’s syndrome
Possible causes for Horner’s syndrome (3)
Pancoast tumour, Brown-Sequard syndrome, late stage syringomyelia
Tuft of hair on lower back
Spins bifida occulta
