Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

Distribution is

A

When drugs leave blood and enter extravasc. fluids and tissues

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2
Q

Rate limiting step in distribution is

A

Blood flow

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3
Q

What are the organs that receive rapidly high levels of drugs

A
  • highly perfused
  • i.e. liver, kidney, GIT, brain, lungs
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4
Q

Which organs receive lower levels of drugs

A
  • less perfused organs
  • bone, muscle, fat
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5
Q

Increase in plasma protein binding does what to distribution efficiency

A

Decreases it and its potency

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6
Q

Acidic drugs bind to

A

Albumin

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7
Q

When more than 70-80% of a drug is bound to plasma protein, the plasma protein acts as a…

A

Circulating reservoir

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8
Q

Heavily protein-bound drugs have what kind of plasma half-lives

A

Longer

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9
Q

If a drug is heavily protein bound, then

A
  • has narrow therapeutic index
  • small vol. of distribution
  • possible toxicity and biological activity of drug increase
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10
Q

Basic drugs bind to

A

Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein

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11
Q

Effedcts of plasma-protein binding on drug

A
  • slows rate at which drug reaches a conc. sufficient enough to produce pharm. effect
  • limits glomerular function
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12
Q

Bleeding syndrome

A

When albumin binds to aspirin instead of warfarin, causing free warfarin to move around in blood

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13
Q

Barriers to drug dist.

A
  • BBB
  • Placenta
  • Milk
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14
Q

BBB as durg barrier

A
  • doesn’t let ionized and non-lipid soluble drugs pass
  • lack fenestrations
  • MDR1 causes more tight junctions
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15
Q

Placenta as drug barrier

A
  • technically not a barrier
  • highly ionized drugs, low lipid soluble drugs excluded
  • teratogenic drugs
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16
Q

Milk as drug barrier

A
  • Maximum residue levels in cow milk
  • mammary gland-lipid barrier: drugs easily diffuse from plasma to milk
17
Q

Volume of distribution formula

A

Vd= dose/plasma conc.

18
Q

Volume distribution

A
  • decreased by plasma protein bonding
  • tissue binding increases Vd